Evaluating temporal changes in hydraulic conductivities near karst-terrain dams: Dokan Dam (Kurdistan-Iraq)

Article

Dafny, Elad, Tawfeeq, Kochar Jamal and Ghabraie, Kazem. 2015. "Evaluating temporal changes in hydraulic conductivities near karst-terrain dams: Dokan Dam (Kurdistan-Iraq)." Journal of Hydrology. 529 (Part 1), pp. 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.048
Article Title

Evaluating temporal changes in hydraulic conductivities near
karst-terrain dams: Dokan Dam (Kurdistan-Iraq)

ERA Journal ID1949
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsDafny, Elad (Author), Tawfeeq, Kochar Jamal (Author) and Ghabraie, Kazem (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Hydrology
Journal Citation529 (Part 1), pp. 265-275
Number of Pages11
Year2015
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN0022-1694
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.048
Abstract

Dam sites provide an outstanding opportunity to explore dynamic changes in the groundwater flow regime because of the high hydraulic gradient rapidly induced in their surroundings. This paper investigates the temporal changes of the hydraulic conductivities of the rocks and engineered structures via a thorough analysis of hydrological data collected at the Dokam Dam, Iraq, and a numerical model that simulates the Darcian component of the seepage. Analysis of the data indicates increased seepage with time and suggests that the hydraulic conductivity of the rocks increased as the conductivity of the grout curtain decreased. Conductivity changes on the order of 10-8 m/s, in a 20-yr period were quantified using the numerical analysis. It is postulated that the changes in hydraulic properties in the vicinity of Dokan Dam are due to suspension of fine materials, interbedded in small fissures in the rocks, and re-settlement of these materials along the curtain. Consequently, the importance of the grout curtain to minimize the downstream seepage, not only as a result of the conductivity contrast with the rocks, but also as a barrier to suspended clay sediments, is demonstrated. The numerical analysis also helped us to estimate the proportion
of the disconnected karstic conduit flow to the overall flow.

Keywordshydraulic conductivity; dam; karst; temporal changes; seepage modeling
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020490302. Numerical analysis
370799. Hydrology not elsewhere classified
400513. Water resources engineering
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Byline AffiliationsSchool of Civil Engineering and Surveying
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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