The Role of Socioeconomic Factors, Parenting, and Childhood Experiences in Shaping Health Outcomes, Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Australian Children and Adolescents

The Role of Socioeconomic Factors, Parenting, and Childhood Experiences in Shaping Health Outcomes, Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Australian Children and Adolescents

This thesis explores the profound impact of socioeconomic factors, inequality, parenting, and childhood experiences on the health outcomes, behaviors, and quality of life of children and adolescents in Australia. It highlights how higher socioeconomic status (SES) and reduced inequality enhance access to healthcare and education, leading to better health outcomes. Effective parenting fosters emotional stability and healthy behaviors, whereas adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and socioeconomic disparities can cause long-term health and behavioral issues. Together, these factors shape the overall well-being and development of young individuals. The primary aim of this thesis is to investigate the roles of socioeconomic factors, inequality, parenting, and childhood experiences in shaping the health outcomes, behaviors, and quality of life of Australian children and adolescents. This PhD thesis, structured by publication, comprises six research articles and a systematic literature review (SLR). It utilizes data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) and employs multivariate regression models, generalized estimation equation models, concentration index, decomposition analysis, and relative inequalities index methods. The SLR adheres to PRISMA guidelines and involves databases such as EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The findings of these studies reveal that children from lower SES backgrounds are more prone to unhealthy behaviors such as such as smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity, whereas those from higher SES backgrounds tend to adopt healthier habits like eating fruits and vegetables, maintaining a balanced diet, and being physically active. Parental characteristics and relationships, alongside household income, play a crucial role in shaping health disparities among Australian children and adolescents. Additionally, ACEs, such as physical punishment and parental conflict, increase the likelihood of problematic behaviors and negatively impact the health and health-related quality of life of children and adolescents. These findings provide valuable insights for health officials and policymakers, helping to identify at-risk groups and design targeted interventions to mitigate the effects of inequality on health and behaviors.

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