Characterisation of the USQ hypersonic facility freestream

PhD Thesis


Birch, Byrenn J. C.. 2019. Characterisation of the USQ hypersonic facility freestream. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.26192/K26V-8Z18
Title

Characterisation of the USQ hypersonic facility
freestream

TypePhD Thesis
Authors
AuthorBirch, Byrenn J. C.
SupervisorButtsworth, David
Zander, Fabian
Choudhury, Rishabh
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Qualification NameDoctor of Philosophy
Number of Pages255
Year2019
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.26192/K26V-8Z18
Abstract

Hypersonic ground testing can make significant contributions to the design process for hypersonic flight vehicles. However, experimentation in conventional hypersonic ground testing facilities is complicated by the high levels of freestream fluctuations which are typically one-to-two orders of magnitude greater than in flight. This noisy test environment can have a significant impact on flow phenomena, such as boundary layer transition, and this leads directly to uncertainties in the prediction of essential hypersonic vehicle design parameters. To assess the noise level in ‘TUSQ’, the hypersonic wind tunnel at the University of Southern Queensland, the Mach 6 nozzle exit flow was characterised by measurements which provided: (1) the time-averaged and fluctuating components of Pitot pressure; (2) the time-averaged and fluctuating components of stagnation temperature; and (3) the fluctuating component of density. The Pitot pressure measurements were made using Kulite XTL-190M B-screen pressure transducers which were exposed directly to the flow. The stagnation temperature was determined from the experimental measurement of heat flux using microsecond response time coaxial surface junction thermocouples mounted in a stagnation point heat transfer gauge. A focused laser differential interferometer was designed for TUSQ, and this instrument was used to measure the freestream density fluctuations.

Using the Pitot pressure measurements and the measurements of the stagnation pressure in the nozzle reservoir (the barrel), the Mach number was found to decrease over the flow duration from 5.95 to 5.85. Through the measurement of stagnation temperature, the piston compression and the nozzle expansion of the test gas were found to be approximately isentropic for the first 65ms of hypersonic flow. Thereafter, the stagnation temperature reduces due to the heat lost to the cold barrel. Thermodynamic modelling based on the measured pressure history in the barrel combined with empirical heat transfer correlations can be used to simulate the stagnation temperature in TUSQ to within 2% of the actual value for t=0_150ms, increasing to within 5% at t=170ms. The heat transfer process in the barrel was found to significantly affect the fluctuations in the hypersonic freestream. For t less than 65ms, the freestream fluctuations of Pitot pressure, stagnation temperature and density were found to be broadband in nature, consistent with a disturbance environment dominated by the radiation of acoustic noise from the turbulent boundary layer on the nozzle walls. At t approximately equal to 65ms, a 3_4 kHz narrowband disturbance was detected in the barrel and in the freestream flow, and this disturbance remains superimposed on the broadband disturbance environment for the remainder of the test flow. Because the characteristics of the flow changed during the run, it is appropriate to specify two RMS Pitot pressure fluctuation magnitudes in the 300 Hz to 25 kHz bandwidth: 2.52% for t=5_65ms; and 2.86% for t=65_200ms for Reu = 6.94 x 106 m-1. The RMS Pitot pressure fluctuations in the TUSQ freestream are similar to comparable Ludwieg and blowdown facilities. RMS stagnation temperature fluctuations were resolved for f=4 Hz_5kHz and were found to increase throughout the flow period from approximately 1.5% at the start of the run to 2.4% at the termination of the nozzle flow. RMS freestream density fluctuations were determined for f=1_250kHz, increasing from 0.4% to 0.6% over he flow period. The bandwidth of the density fluctuation measurement was sufficient to resolve the classic Kolmogorov _5/3 rolloff in the inertial subrange.

Preliminary measurements of the boundary layer on a conical nose cylinder were made sing the focused laser differential interferometer. These measurements identified the second mode instabilities in the transitional boundary layer, and identified the amplification f the narrowband 3_4 kHz freestream fluctuations within the boundary layer. Further opportunities to explore boundary layer transition in the TUSQ facility are expected o arise in the near future, at which time the FLDI instrument can be deployed with improved focusing ability.

Keywordshypersonic, facility characterisation, fluctuation
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020400106. Hypersonic propulsion and hypersonic aerothermodynamics
Byline AffiliationsSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q5xy6/characterisation-of-the-usq-hypersonic-facility-freestream

Download files


Published Version
ByrennBirch_twoside.pdf
File access level: Anyone

  • 293
    total views
  • 194
    total downloads
  • 9
    views this month
  • 6
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Trajectory Analysis of the Hayabusa2 Capsule from a Single Airborne Observation
Zander, Fabian, Buttsworth, David R., Birch, Byrenn and Payne, Allan. 2024. "Trajectory Analysis of the Hayabusa2 Capsule from a Single Airborne Observation." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 61 (1). https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A35719
Optical aerodynamic measurements of hypersonic free-flight using Bayesian state estimation
Lock, Andrew, Armstrong, Gerard, Hack, Flynn, Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David and Jahn, Ingo. 2023. "Optical aerodynamic measurements of hypersonic free-flight using Bayesian state estimation." AIAA Aviation 2023 Forum . San Diego, United States 12 202 - 16 Jun 2023 United States. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3713
Improved Surface Temperature Identification Method for Remote Observations of Sample Return Capsules
Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David and Zander, Fabian. 2023. "Improved Surface Temperature Identification Method for Remote Observations of Sample Return Capsules." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A35692
Laser-Induced Diaphragm Rupture for Improved Sequencing and Repeatability in a Hypersonic Facility
Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David and Zander, Fabian. 2023. "Laser-Induced Diaphragm Rupture for Improved Sequencing and Repeatability in a Hypersonic Facility." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 60 (1), pp. 351-360. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A35427
Hayabusa2 Capsule Reentry: Visible and Near-IR Emission Spectroscopy from the Australian Airborne Observation
Birch, Byrenn, Zander, Fabian, Buttsworth, David, Noller, Lachlan and Payne, Allan. 2022. "Hayabusa2 Capsule Reentry: Visible and Near-IR Emission Spectroscopy from the Australian Airborne Observation." AIAA Aviation Forum 2022. Chicago, United States 27 Jun - 01 Jul 2022 United States. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3736
Planning and Implementation of the Australian Airborne Observation of Hayabusa2
Zander, Fabian, Buttsworth, David R., Birch, Byrenn J. C. and Payne, Allan. 2022. "Planning and Implementation of the Australian Airborne Observation of Hayabusa2." AIAA Aviation Forum 2022. Chicago, United States 27 Jun - 01 Jul 2022 United States. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3583
Hayabusa2 Capsule Reentry: Australian Airborne Observation Emission Spectroscopy Calibration and Preliminary Analysis
Birch, Byrenn, Zander, Fabian, Buttsworth, David, Noller, Lachlan and Payne, Allan. 2022. "Hayabusa2 Capsule Reentry: Australian Airborne Observation Emission Spectroscopy Calibration and Preliminary Analysis." AIAA SciTech Forum 2022. San Diego, United States 03 - 07 Jan 2022 United States. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2151
Hypersonic Pitching Control Model Development
Stern, Nathan, Buttsworth, David, Choudhury, Rishabh and Birch, Byrenn. 2018. "Hypersonic Pitching Control Model Development." 22nd AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference (AIAA 2018). Orlando, United States 17 - 19 Sep 2018 Reston, United States. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-5267
Pressure Fluctuations in a Hypersonic Ludwieg Tube with Free Piston Compression Heating
Birch, Byrenn J. C., Choudhury, Rishabh, Stern, Nathan and Buttsworth, David R.. 2018. "Pressure Fluctuations in a Hypersonic Ludwieg Tube with Free Piston Compression Heating." 22nd AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference (AIAA 2018). Orlando, United States 17 - 19 Sep 2018 Reston, United States. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-5266
Testing of Ultra Fast Response, Durable Co-axial Thermocouples for High Enthalpy Impulse Facilities
James, Christopher M., Birch, Byrenn J. C., Smith, Daniel R., Cullen, Timothy G., Millard, Theodore, Vella, Samuel, Liu, Yu, Morgan, Richard G., Stern, Nathan and Buttsworth, David R.. 2019. "Testing of Ultra Fast Response, Durable Co-axial Thermocouples for High Enthalpy Impulse Facilities." AIAA Aviation Forum 2019. Dallas, United States 17 - 21 Jun 2019 United States. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3007
Focused Laser Differential Interferometry for Hypersonic Flow Diagnostics
Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David and Zander, Fabian. 2019. "Focused Laser Differential Interferometry for Hypersonic Flow Diagnostics." Alwahabi, Z. T. and Medwell, P. R. (ed.) 9th Australian Conference on Laser Diagnostics (IX ACLD). Adelaide, Australia 02 - 04 Dec 2019 Adelaide, Australia.
Transitional Boundary Layer Measurements in the University of Southern Queensland Hypersonic Wind Tunnel
Webb, Alister, Birch, Byrenn, Zander, Fabian and Buttsworth, David. 2022. "Transitional Boundary Layer Measurements in the University of Southern Queensland Hypersonic Wind Tunnel." 23rd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (AFMC2022). Sydney, Australia 04 - 08 Dec 2022 Australia. University of Sydney.
Mixing of Thermally Stratified Gas in Horizontal Tube Using Shock Waves Research Methodology
Grybko, Maciej, Malpress, Ray, Buttsworth, David, Zander, Fabian and Birch, Byrenn. 2022. "Mixing of Thermally Stratified Gas in Horizontal Tube Using Shock Waves Research Methodology." 23rd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (AFMC2022). Sydney, Australia 04 - 08 Dec 2022 Australia. University of Sydney.
Heated Barrel Mode for a Hypersonic Ludwieg Tube with Free-Piston Compression: Preliminary Performance
Birch, Byrenn, Malpress, Ray, Saleh, Khalid and Buttsworth, David. 2022. "Heated Barrel Mode for a Hypersonic Ludwieg Tube with Free-Piston Compression: Preliminary Performance." 23rd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (AFMC2022). Sydney, Australia 04 - 08 Dec 2022 Australia. University of Sydney.
Australian rapid-response airborne observation of the Hayabusa2 reentry
Zander, Fabian, Buttsworth, David R., Birch, Byrenn, Noller, Lachlan, Wright, Duncan, James, Christopher M., Thompson, Matthew, Apirana, Steven, Leis, John, Lobsey, Craig and Payne, Allan. 2021. "Australian rapid-response airborne observation of the Hayabusa2 reentry." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 58 (6), pp. 1915-1919. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A35062
Fast-Response transient heat flux measurements in a plasma wind tunnel
Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David, Loehle, Stefan and Hufgard, Fabian. 2021. "Fast-Response transient heat flux measurements in a plasma wind tunnel." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121234
Time-resolved stagnation temperature measurements in hypersonic flows using surface junction thermocouples
Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David and Zander, Fabian. 2020. "Time-resolved stagnation temperature measurements in hypersonic flows using surface junction thermocouples." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 119, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110177
Measurements of freestream density fluctuations in a hypersonic wind tunnel
Birch, Byrenn, Buttsworth, David and Zander, Fabian. 2020. "Measurements of freestream density fluctuations in a hypersonic wind tunnel." Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow. 61 (7), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-02992-w