Unresolved Rossby and gravity modes in 214 A and F stars showing rotational modulation

Article

Henriksen, Andreea I., Antoci, Victoria, Saio, Hideyuki, Grundahl, Frank, Kjeldsen, Hans, Van Reeth, Timothy, Bowman, Dominic M., Papics, Peter I., De Cat, Peter, Kruger, Joachim, Andersen, M. Fredslund and Palle, P. L.. 2023. "Unresolved Rossby and gravity modes in 214 A and F stars showing rotational modulation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 524 (3), pp. 4196-4211.
Article Title

Unresolved Rossby and gravity modes in 214 A and F stars showing rotational modulation

ERA Journal ID1074
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsHenriksen, Andreea I., Antoci, Victoria, Saio, Hideyuki, Grundahl, Frank, Kjeldsen, Hans, Van Reeth, Timothy, Bowman, Dominic M., Papics, Peter I., De Cat, Peter, Kruger, Joachim, Andersen, M. Fredslund and Palle, P. L.
Journal TitleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Journal Citation524 (3), pp. 4196-4211
Number of Pages16
Year2023
PublisherOxford University Press
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0035-8711
1365-2966
Web Address (URL)https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/524/3/4196/7210543
AbstractHere, we report an ensemble study of 214 A- and F-type stars observed by Kepler, exhibiting the so-called hump and spike periodic signal, explained by Rossby modes (r modes) – the hump – and magnetic stellar spots or overstable convective (OsC) modes – the spike, respectively. We determine the power confined in the non-resolved hump features and find additional gravity-mode (g-mode) humps always occurring at higher frequencies than the spike. Furthermore, we derive projected rotational velocities from FIES, SONG, and HERMES spectra for 28 stars and the stellar inclination angle for 89 stars. We find a strong correlation between the spike amplitude and the power in the r and g modes, which suggests that both types of oscillations are mechanically excited by either stellar spots or OsC modes. Our analysis suggests that stars with a higher power in m = 1 r-mode humps are more likely to also exhibit humps at higher azimuthal orders (m = 2, 3, or 4). Interestingly, all stars that show g-mode humps are hotter and more luminous than the observed red edge of the δ Scuti instability strip, suggesting that either magnetic fields or convection in the outer layers could play an important role.
Keywordsstars: early-type
ANZSRC Field of Research 20205101. Astronomical sciences
Public Notes

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Byline AffiliationsTechnical University of Denmark, Denmark
Tohoku University, Japan
Aarhus University, Denmark
Institute of Astronomy, Belgium
Royal Observatory of Belgium
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
Centre for Astrophysics
Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, Spain
University of La Laguna, Spain
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Cotton, Daniel V., Buzasi, Derek L., Aerts, Conny, Bailey, Jeremy, Burssens, Siemen, Pedersen, May G., Stello, Dennis, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, De Horta, Ain, De Cat, Peter, Lewis, Fiona, Malla, Sai Prathyusha, Wright, Duncan J. and Bott, Kimberly. 2022. "Polarimetric detection of non-radial oscillation modes in the β Cephei star β Crucis." Nature Astronomy. 6 (1), pp. 154-164. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01531-9
The classification of frequencies in the gamma Doradus/delta Scuti hybrid star HD 49434
Brunsden, E., Pollard, K. R., Cottrell, P. L., Uytterhoeven, K., Wright, D. J. and De Cat, P.. 2015. "The classification of frequencies in the gamma Doradus/delta Scuti hybrid star HD 49434." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (3), pp. 2970-2980. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2615
Frequency and mode identification of gamma Doradus from photometric and spectroscopic observations
Brunsden, E., Pollard, K. R., Wright, D. J., De Cat, P. and Cottrell, P. L.. 2018. "Frequency and mode identification of gamma Doradus from photometric and spectroscopic observations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (3), pp. 3813-3822. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty034
Spectroscopic pulsational frequency and mode determination of the γ Doradus Star HD 189631
Davie, M. W., Pollard, K. R., Cottrell, P. L., Brunsden, E., Wright, D. J. and De Cat, P.. 2014. "Spectroscopic pulsational frequency and mode determination of the γ Doradus Star HD 189631." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 31, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2014.20
Planetary candidates observed by Kepler. III. Analysis of the first 16 months of data
Batalha, Natalie M., Rowe, Jason F., Bryson, Stephen T., Barclay, Thomas, Burke, Christopher J., Caldwell, Douglas A., Christiansen, Jessie L., Mullally, Fergal, Thompson, Susan E., Brown, Timothy M., Dupree, Andrea K., Fabrycky, Daniel C., Ford, Eric B., Fortney, Jonathan J., Gilliland, Ronald L., Isaacson, Howard, Latham, David W., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Quinn, Samuel N., ..., Welsh, William F.. 2013. "Planetary candidates observed by Kepler. III. Analysis of the first 16 months of data." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 204 (2), pp. 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/204/2/24
Characteristics of Kepler planetary candidates based on the first data set
Borucki, William J., Koch, David G., Basri, Gibor, Batalha, Natalie, Boss, Alan, Brown, Timothy M., Caldwell, Douglas, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Cochran, William D., DeVore, Edna, Dunham, Edward W., Dupree, Andrea K., Gautier, Thomas N., Geary, John C., Gilliland, Ronald, Gould, Alan, Howell, Steve B., Jenkins, Jon M., Kjeldsen, Hans, ..., Wu, Hayley. 2011. "Characteristics of Kepler planetary candidates based on the first data set." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 728 (2), pp. 117-136. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/117
Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the first four months of data
Borucki, William J., Koch, David G., Bryson, Stephen T., Lissauer, Jack J., Rowe, Jason, Haas, Michael, Basri, Gibor, Marcy, Geoffrey W., Howard, Andrew, Isaacson, Howard, Walkowicz, Lucianne, Batalha, Natalie, Brown, Timothy M., Shporer, Avi, Caldwell, Douglas, DeVore, Edna, Jenkins, Jon M., Doyle, Laurance, Tarter, Jill, ..., Prsa, Andrej. 2011. "Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the first four months of data." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 736 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19
Kepler-22b: a 2.4 earth-radius planet in the habitable zone of a sun-like star
Borucki, William J., Koch, David G., Batalha, Natalie, Bryson, Stephen T., Rowe, Jason, Fressin, Francois, Torres, Guillermo, Caldwell, Douglas A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Cochran, William D., DeVore, Edna, Gautier, Thomas N., Geary, John C., Gilliland, Ronald, Gould, Alan, Howell, Steve B., Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Lissauer, Jack J., ..., Rapin, William. 2012. "Kepler-22b: a 2.4 earth-radius planet in the habitable zone of a sun-like star." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 745 (2), pp. 120-135. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/120
KEPLER-21b: a 1.6 REarth planet transiting the bright oscillating F subgiant star HD179070
Howell, Steve B., Rowe, Jason F., Bryson, Stephen T., Quinn, Samuel N., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Isaacson, Howard, Ciardi, David R., Chaplin, William J., Metcalfe, Travis S., Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G., Appourchaux, Thierry, Basu, Sarbani, Creevey, Orlagh L., Gilliland, Ronald L., Quirion, Pierre Olivier, Stello, Denis, Kjeldsen, Hans, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Elsworth, Yvonne, ..., Henze, Christopher E.. 2012. "KEPLER-21b: a 1.6 REarth planet transiting the bright oscillating F subgiant star HD179070." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 746 (2), pp. 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/123
Kepler-62: A five-planet system with planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth radii in the habitable zone
Borucki, William J., Agol, Eric, Fressin, Francois, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Rowe, Jason, Isaacson, Howard, Fischer, Debra, Batalha, Natalie, Lissauer, Jack J., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Fabrycky, Daniel, Desert, Jean Michel, Bryson, Stephen T., Barclay, Thomas, Bastien, Fabienne, Boss, Alan, Brugamyer, Erik, Buchhave, Lars A., Burke, Chris, ..., Winn, Joshua N.. 2013. "Kepler-62: A five-planet system with planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth radii in the habitable zone." Science. 340 (6132), pp. 587-590. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234702
Kepler's first rocky planet: Kepler-10b
Batalha, Natalie M., Borucki, William J., Bryson, Stephen T., Buchhave, Lars A., Caldwell, Douglas A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Ciardi, David, Dunham, Edward W., Fressin, Francois, Gautier, Thomas N., Gilliland, Ronald L., Haas, Michael R., Howell, Steve B., Jenkins, Jon M., Kjeldsen, Hans, Koch, David G., Latham, David W., Lissauer, Jack J., Marcy, Geoffrey W., ..., Gould, Alan. 2011. "Kepler's first rocky planet: Kepler-10b." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 729 (1), pp. 27-47. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/27
Planet occurrence within 0.25AU of solar-type stars from Kepler
Howard, Andrew W., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Bryson, Stephen T., Jenkins, Jon M., Rowe, Jason F., Batalha, Natalie M., Borucki, William J., Koch, David G., Dunham, Edward W., Gautier, Thomas N., Van Cleve, Jeffrey, Cochran, William D., Latham, David W., Lissauer, Jack J., Torres, Guillermo, Brown, Timothy M., Gilliland, Ronald L., Buchhave, Lars A., Caldwell, Douglas A., ..., MacQueen, Phillip J.. 2012. "Planet occurrence within 0.25AU of solar-type stars from Kepler." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 201 (2), pp. 15-34. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/201/2/15
Transit timing observations from Kepler. VI. Potentially interesting candidate systems from fourier-based statistical tests
Steffen, Jason H., Ford, Eric B., Rowe, Jason F., Fabrycky, Daniel C., Holman, Matthew J., Welsh, William F., Batalha, Natalie M., Borucki, William J., Bryson, Steve, Caldwell, Douglas A., Ciardi, David R., Jenkins, Jon M., Kjeldsen, Hans, Koch, David G., Prsa, Andrej, Sanderfer, Dwight T., Seader, Shawn and Twicken, Joseph D.. 2012. "Transit timing observations from Kepler. VI. Potentially interesting candidate systems from fourier-based statistical tests." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 756 (2), pp. 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/186
A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet
Barclay, Thomas, Rowe, Jason F., Lissauer, Jack J., Huber, Daniel, Fressin, Francois, Howell, Steve B., Bryson, Stephen T., Chaplin, William J., Desert, Jean Michel, Lopez, Eric D., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Mullally, Fergal, Ragozzine, Darin, Torres, Guillermo, Adams, Elisabeth R., Agol, Eric, Barrado, David, Basu, Sarbani, Bedding, Timothy R., ..., Thompson, Susan E.. 2013. "A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet." Nature. 494 (7438), pp. 452-454. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11914
Masses, radii, and orbits of small Kepler planets: the transition from gaseous to rocky planets
Marcy, Geoffrey W., Isaacson, Howard, Howard, Andrew W., Rowe, Jason F., Jenkins, Jon M., Bryson, Stephen T., Latham, David W., Howell, Steve B., Gautier, Thomas N., Batalha, Natalie M., Rogers, Leslie, Ciardi, David, Fischer, Debra A., Gilliland, Ronald L., Kjeldsen, Hans, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Huber, Daniel, Chaplin, William J., Basu, Sarbani, ..., Barrado, David. 2014. "Masses, radii, and orbits of small Kepler planets: the transition from gaseous to rocky planets." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 210 (2), pp. 20-89. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/210/2/20
Kepler-432: a red giant interacting with one of its two long-period giant planets
Quinn, Samuel N., White, Timothy R., Latham, David W., Chaplin, William J., Handberg, Rasmus, Huber, Daniel, Kipping, David M., Payne, Matthew J., Jiang, Chen, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Stello, Dennis, Sliski, David H., Ciardi, David R., Buchhave, Lars A., Bedding, Timothy R., Davies, Guy R., Hekker, Saskia, Kjeldsen, Hans, Kuszlewicz, James S., ..., Berlind, Perry. 2015. "Kepler-432: a red giant interacting with one of its two long-period giant planets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 803 (2), pp. 49-69. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/803/2/49
KIC 9533489: A genuine γ Doradus - δ Scuti Kepler hybrid pulsator with transit events
Bognar, Zs., Lampens, P., Fremat, Y., Southworth, J., Sodor, A., De Cat, P., Isaacson, H. T., Marcy, G. W., Ciardi, D. R., Gilliland, R. L. and Martin-Fernandez, P.. 2015. "KIC 9533489: A genuine γ Doradus - δ Scuti Kepler hybrid pulsator with transit events." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 581, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526154
State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities
Fischer, Debra A., Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Arriagada, Pamela, Baluev, Roman V., Bean, Jacob L., Bouchy, Francois, Buchave, Lars A., Carroll, Thorsten, Chakraborty, Abhijit, Crepp, Justin R., Dawson, Rebekah I., Diddams, Scott A., Dumusque, Xavier, Eastman, Jason D., Endl, Michael, Figueira, Pedro, Ford, Eric B., Foreman-Mackey, Daniel, Fournier, Paul, ..., Wright, Jason T.. 2016. "State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 128 (964), pp. 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/128/964/066001
KIC 4768731: a bright long-period roAp star in the Kepler field
Smalley, B., Niemczura, E., Murphy, S. J., Lehmann, H., Kurtz, D. W., Holdsworth, D. L., Cunha, M. S., Balona, L. A., Briquet, M., Bruntt, H., De Cat, P., Lampens, P., Thygesen, A. O. and Uytterhoeven, K.. 2015. "KIC 4768731: a bright long-period roAp star in the Kepler field." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (4), pp. 3334-3345. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1515
KIC 10080943: An eccentric binary system containing two pressure- and gravity-mode hybrid pulsators
Schmid, V. S., Tkachenko, A., Aerts, C., Degroote, P., Bloemen, S., Murphy, S. J., Van Reeth, T., Papics, P. I., Bedding, T. R., Keen, M. A., Prsa, A., Menu, J., Debosscher, J., Hrudkova, M., De Smedt, K., Lombaert, R. and Nemeth, P.. 2015. "KIC 10080943: An eccentric binary system containing two pressure- and gravity-mode hybrid pulsators." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 584, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526945
Asteroseismic measurement of slow, nearly uniform surface-to-core rotation in the main-sequence F star KIC 9244992
Saio, Hideyuki, Kurtz, Donald W., Takata, Masao, Shibahashi, Hiromoto, Murphy, Simon J., Sekii, Takashi and Bedding, Timothy R.. 2015. "Asteroseismic measurement of slow, nearly uniform surface-to-core rotation in the main-sequence F star KIC 9244992." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (4), pp. 3264-3277. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2696
Spectroscopic survey of Kepler stars. I. HERMES/Mercator observations of A- and F-type stars
Niemczura, E., Murphy, S. J., Smalley, B., Uytterhoeven, K., Pigulski, A., Lehmann, H., Bowman, D. M., Catanzaro, G., van Aarle, E., Bloemen, S., Briquet, M., De Cat, P., Drobek, D., Eyer, L., Gameiro, J. F. S., Gorlova, N., Kaminski, K., Lampens, P., Marcos-Arenal, P., ..., Fagas, M.. 2015. "Spectroscopic survey of Kepler stars. I. HERMES/Mercator observations of A- and F-type stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (3), pp. 2764-2783. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv528
A unifying explanation of complex frequency spectra of γ Dor, SPB and Be stars: combination frequencies and highly non-sinusoidal light curves
Kurtz, Donald W., Shibahashi, Hiromoto, Murphy, Simon J., Bedding, Timothy R. and Bowman, Dominic M.. 2015. "A unifying explanation of complex frequency spectra of γ Dor, SPB and Be stars: combination frequencies and highly non-sinusoidal light curves." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (3), pp. 3015-3029. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv868
Finding binaries among Kepler pulsating stars from phase modulation of their pulsations
Murphy, Simon J., Bedding, Timothy R., Shibahashi, Hiromoto, Kurtz, Donald W. and Kjeldsen, Hans. 2014. "Finding binaries among Kepler pulsating stars from phase modulation of their pulsations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 441 (3), pp. 2515-2527. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu765
Asteroseismic measurement of surface-to-core rotation in a main-sequence A star, KIC 11145123
Kurtz, Donald W., Saio, Hideyuki, Takata, Masao, Shibahashi, Hiromoto, Murphy, Simon J. and Sekii, Takashi. 2014. "Asteroseismic measurement of surface-to-core rotation in a main-sequence A star, KIC 11145123." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (1), pp. 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1329
The role of turbulent pressure as a coherent pulsational driving mechanism: The case of the δ SCUTI STAR HD 187547
Antoci, V., Cunha, M., Houdek, G., Kjeldsen, H., Trampedach, R., Handler, G., Luftinger, T., Arentoft, T. and Murphy, S.. 2014. "The role of turbulent pressure as a coherent pulsational driving mechanism: The case of the δ SCUTI STAR HD 187547." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 796 (2), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/796/2/118
Extensive study of HD 25558, a long-period double-lined binary with two SPB components
Sodor, A., De Cat, P., Wright, D. J., Neiner, C., Briquet, M., Lampens, P., Dukes, R. J., Henry, G. W., Williamson, M. H., Brunsden, E., Pollard, K. R., Cottrell, P. L., Maisonneuve, F., Kilmartin, P. M., Matthews, J., Kallinger, T., Beck, P. G., Kambe, E., Engelbrecht, C. A., ..., Vuckovic, M.. 2014. "Extensive study of HD 25558, a long-period double-lined binary with two SPB components." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 438 (4), pp. 3535-3556. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2466
MOST light-curve analysis of the γ Doradus pulsator HR 8799, showing resonances and amplitude variations
Sodor, A., Chene, A.-N., De Cat, P., Bognar, Zs., Wright, D. J., Marois, C., Walker, G. A. H., Matthews, J. M., Kallinger, T., Rowe, J. F., Kuschnig, R., Guenther, D. B., Moffat, A. F. J., Rucinski, S. M., Sasselov, D. and Weiss, W. W.. 2014. "MOST light-curve analysis of the γ Doradus pulsator HR 8799, showing resonances and amplitude variations." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 568, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423976
The Kepler characterization of the variability among A- and F-type stars I. General overview
Uytterhoeven, K., Moya, A., Grigahcene, A., Guzik, J. A., Gutierrez-Soto, J., Smalley, B., Handler, G., Balona, L. A., Niemczura, E., Fox Machado, L., Benatti, S., Chapellier, E., Tkachenko, A., Szabo, R., Suarez, J. C., Ripepi, V., Pascual, J., Mathias, P., Martin-Ruiz, S., ..., Van Cleve, J.. 2011. "The Kepler characterization of the variability among A- and F-type stars I. General overview." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 534. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117368
A multi-site campaign to measure solar-like oscillations in Procyon. II. mode frequencies
Bedding, Timothy R., Kjeldsen, Hans, Campante, Tiago L., Appourchaux, Thierry, Bonanno, Alfio, Chaplin, William J., Garcia, Rafael A., Martić, Milena, Mosser, Benoit, Butler, R. Paul, Bruntt, Hans, Kiss, László L., O'Toole, Simon J., Kambe, Eiji, Ando, Hiroyasu, Izumiura, Hideyuki, Sato, Bun'ei, Hartmann, Michael, Hatzes, Artie, ..., Reffert, Sabine. 2010. "A multi-site campaign to measure solar-like oscillations in Procyon. II. mode frequencies." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 713 (2), pp. 935-949. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/713/2/935