Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the first four months of data
Article
Article Title | Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the first four months of data |
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ERA Journal ID | 1057 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Borucki, William J. (Author), Koch, David G. (Author), Bryson, Stephen T. (Author), Lissauer, Jack J. (Author), Rowe, Jason (Author), Haas, Michael (Author), Basri, Gibor (Author), Marcy, Geoffrey W. (Author), Howard, Andrew (Author), Isaacson, Howard (Author), Walkowicz, Lucianne (Author), Batalha, Natalie (Author), Brown, Timothy M. (Author), Shporer, Avi (Author), Caldwell, Douglas (Author), DeVore, Edna (Author), Jenkins, Jon M. (Author), Doyle, Laurance (Author), Tarter, Jill (Author), Christiansen, Jessie L. (Author), Clarke, Bruce D. (Author), Li, Jie (Author), MacHalek, Pavel (Author), Quintana, Elisa V. (Author), Tenenbaum, Peter (Author), Twicken, Joseph D. (Author), Van Cleve, Jeffrey (Author), Still, Martin (Author), Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen (Author), Kjeldsen, Hans (Author), Cochran, William D. (Author), Endl, Michael (Author), MacQueen, Phillip (Author), Dunham, Edward W. (Author), Gautier, Thomas N. (Author), Geary, John C. (Author), Latham, David W. (Author), Sasselov, Dimitar (Author), Charbonneau, David (Author), Dupree, Andrea K. (Author), Holman, Matthew J. (Author), Buchhave, Lars A. (Author), Desert, Jean Michel (Author), Fressin, Francois (Author), Meibom, Søren (Author), Quinn, Samuel N. (Author), Ragozzine, Darin (Author), Torres, Guillermo (Author), Gilliland, Ronald (Author), Gould, Alan (Author), Howell, Steve B. (Author), Sherry, William (Author), Boss, Alan (Author), Ciardi, David (Author), Ford, Eric B. (Author), Fortney, Jonathan (Author), Fabrycky, Daniel (Author), Seager, Sara (Author), Steffen, Jason H. (Author), Welsh, William F. (Author), Allen, Christopher (Author), Witteborn, Fred C. (Author), Das, Santanu (Author), Horch, Elliott (Author), Kolodziejczak, Jeffery (Author), Kulesa, Craig (Author), McCarthy, Donald (Author), Lucas, Philip W. (Author), Miquel, Thibaut (Author) and Prsa, Andrej (Author) |
Journal Title | The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics |
Journal Citation | 736 (1) |
Article Number | 19 |
Number of Pages | 22 |
Year | 2011 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0004-637X |
1538-4357 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19 |
Web Address (URL) | http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19 |
Abstract | On 2011 February 1 the Kepler mission released data for 156,453 stars observed from the beginning of the science observations on 2009 May 2 through September 16. There are 1235 planetary candidates with transit-like signatures detected in this period. These are associated with 997 host stars. Distributions of the characteristics of the planetary candidates are separated into five class sizes: 68 candidates of approximately Earth-size (Rp < 1.25 R⊕), 288 super-Earth-size (1.25 R⊕ ≤ R p < 2 R⊕), 662 Neptune-size (2 R ⊕ ≤ Rp < 6 R⊕), 165 Jupiter-size (6 R⊕ ≤ Rp < 15 R ⊕), and 19 up to twice the size of Jupiter (15 R ⊕ ≤ Rp < 22 R⊕). In the temperature range appropriate for the habitable zone, 54 candidates are found with sizes ranging from Earth-size to larger than that of Jupiter. Six are less than twice the size of the Earth. Over 74% of the planetary candidates are smaller than Neptune. The observed number versus size distribution of planetary candidates increases to a peak at two to three times the Earth-size and then declines inversely proportional to the area of the candidate. Our current best estimates of the intrinsic frequencies of planetary candidates, after correcting for geometric and sensitivity biases, are 5% for Earth-size candidates, 8% for super-Earth-size candidates, 18% for Neptune-size candidates, 2% for Jupiter-size candidates, and 0.1% for very large candidates; a total of 0.34 candidates per star. Multi-candidate, transiting systems are frequent; 17% of the host stars have multi-candidate systems, and 34% of all the candidates are part of multi-candidate systems. |
Keywords | planetary systems; planets and satellites: detection; stars: statistics; surveys; |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 510109. Stellar astronomy and planetary systems |
Public Notes | For access to this article, please click on the URL link provided. |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
Byline Affiliations | NASA Ames Research Center, United States |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States | |
University of California, United States | |
San Jose University, United States | |
Las Cumbres Observatory, United States | |
SETI Institute, United States | |
Aarhus University, Denmark | |
University of Texas at Austin, United States | |
Lowell Observatory, United States | |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States | |
Center for Astrophysics Harvard and Smithsonian, United States | |
Space Telescope Science Institute, United States | |
Lawrence Hall of Science, United States | |
National Optical Astronomy Observatory, United States | |
Carnegie Institution of Washington, United States | |
University of Florida, United States | |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States | |
Fermilab Cosmic Physics Centre, United States | |
San Diego State University, United States | |
Orbital Sciences Corporation, United States | |
Southern Connecticut State University, United States | |
Marshall Space Flight Centre, United States | |
University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom | |
Centre for Space Studies, France | |
Villanova University, United States |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q435z/characteristics-of-planetary-candidates-observed-by-kepler-ii-analysis-of-the-first-four-months-of-data
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