TESS-Keck Survey. IX. Masses of Three Sub-Neptunes Orbiting HD 191939 and the Discovery of a Warm Jovian plus a Distant Substellar Companion
Article
Article Title | TESS-Keck Survey. IX. Masses of Three Sub-Neptunes Orbiting HD 191939 and the Discovery of a Warm Jovian plus a Distant Substellar Companion |
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ERA Journal ID | 1048 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Lubin, Jack, Van Zandt, Judah, Holcomb, Rae, Weiss, Lauren M., Petigura, Erik A., Robertson, Paul, Akana Murphy, Joseph M., Scarsdale, Nicholas, Batygin, Konstantin, Polanski, Alex S., Batalha, Natalie, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Dressing, Courtney D., Fulton, Benjamin J., Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Isaacson, Howard, Kane, Stephen R., Roy, Arpita, Beard, Corey, Blunt, Sarah, Chontos, Ashley, Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A., Gary, Kaz, Giacalone, Steven, Hill, Michelle L., Mayo, Andrew W., Mocnik, Teo, Kosiarek, Molly R., Rice, Malena, Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N. and Gary, Kaz |
Journal Title | The Astronomical Journal |
Journal Citation | 163 (2) |
Article Number | 101 |
Number of Pages | 17 |
Year | 2022 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0004-6256 |
1538-3881 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac3d38 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urXuGZtxVX8 |
Abstract | Exoplanet systems with multiple transiting planets are natural laboratories for testing planetary astrophysics. One such system is HD 191939 (TOI 1339), a bright (V = 9) and Sun-like (G9V) star, which TESS found to host three transiting planets (b, c, and d). The planets have periods of 9, 29, and 38 days each with similar sizes from 3 to 3.4 R⊕. To further characterize the system, we measured the radial velocity (RV) of HD 191939 over 415 days with Keck/HIRES and APF/Levy. We find that Mb = 10.4 ± 0.9 M⊕ and Mc = 7.2 ± 1.4 M⊕, which are low compared to most known planets of comparable radii. The RVs yield only an upper limit on Md (<5.8 M⊕ at 2σ). The RVs further reveal a fourth planet (e) with a minimum mass of 0.34 ± 0.01 MJup and an orbital period of 101.4 ± 0.4 days. Despite its nontransiting geometry, secular interactions between planet e and the inner transiting planets indicate that planet e is coplanar with the transiting planets (Δi < 10°). We identify a second high-mass planet (f) with 95% confidence intervals on mass between 2 and 11 MJup and period between 1700 and 7200 days, based on a joint analysis of RVs and astrometry from Gaia and Hipparcos. As a bright star hosting multiple planets with well-measured masses, HD 191939 presents many options for comparative planetary astronomy, including characterization with JWST. |
Keywords | Exoplanet dynamics; Exoplanet astronomy |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 5101. Astronomical sciences |
Byline Affiliations | University of California, United States |
University of Hawaii, United States | |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States | |
University of Kansas, United States | |
University of California Santa Cruz, United States | |
University of California Berkeley, United States | |
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, United States | |
Centre for Astrophysics | |
Space Telescope Science Institute, United States | |
Johns Hopkins University, United States | |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States | |
Gemini Observatory, United States | |
Yale University, United States | |
Center for Astrophysics Harvard and Smithsonian, United States | |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States | |
Princeton University, United States |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z025w/tess-keck-survey-ix-masses-of-three-sub-neptunes-orbiting-hd-191939-and-the-discovery-of-a-warm-jovian-plus-a-distant-substellar-companion
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