A Wolf 359 in Sheepʼs Clothing: Hunting for Substellar Companions in the Fifth-closest System Using Combined High-contrast Imaging and Radial Velocity Analysis
Article
Article Title | A Wolf 359 in Sheepʼs Clothing: Hunting for Substellar Companions in the Fifth-closest System Using Combined High-contrast Imaging and Radial Velocity Analysis |
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ERA Journal ID | 1048 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Bowens-Rubin, Rachel, Akana Murphy, Joseph M., Hinz, Philip M., Limbach, Mary Anne, Seifahrt, Andreas, Kiman, Rocio, Salama, Maïssa, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Brady, Madison, Carter, Aarynn L., Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, van Kooten, Maaike A. M., Isaacson, Howard, Kosiarek, Molly, Bean, Jacob L., Kasper, David, Luque, Rafael, Stefánsson, Gudmundur and Stürmer, Julian |
Journal Title | The Astronomical Journal |
Journal Citation | 166 (6) |
Article Number | 260 |
Number of Pages | 23 |
Year | 2023 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0004-6256 |
1538-3881 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad03e5 |
Web Address (URL) | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ad03e5 |
Abstract | Wolf 359 (CN Leo, GJ 406, Gaia DR3 3864972938605115520) is a low-mass star in the fifth-closest neighboring system (2.41 pc). Because of its relative youth and proximity, Wolf 359 offers a unique opportunity to study substellar companions around M stars using infrared high-contrast imaging and radial velocity monitoring. We present the results of Ms-band (4.67 μm) vector vortex coronagraphic imaging using Keck-NIRC2 and add 12 Keck-HIRES and 68 MAROON-X velocities to the radial velocity baseline. Our analysis incorporates these data alongside literature radial velocities from CARMENES, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, and Keck-HIRES to rule out the existence of a close (a < 10 au) stellar or brown dwarf companion and the majority of large gas giant companions. Our survey does not refute or confirm the long-period radial velocity candidate, Wolf 359 b (P ∼ 2900 days), but rules out the candidate's existence as a large gas giant (>4 M Jup) assuming an age of younger than 1 Gyr. We discuss the performance of our high-contrast imaging survey to aid future observers using Keck-NIRC2 in conjunction with the vortex coronagraph in the Ms band and conclude by exploring the direct imaging capabilities with JWST to observe Jupiter- and Neptune-mass planets around Wolf 359. |
Keywords | Coronagraphic imaging; Direct imaging; M stars; Radial velocity; Exoplanets; Cold Neptunes |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 510199. Astronomical sciences not elsewhere classified |
Byline Affiliations | University of California Santa Cruz, United States |
independent Researcher, United States | |
University of Michigan, United States | |
University of Chicago, United States | |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States | |
University of California Santa Barbara, United States | |
Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre, Canada | |
Centre for Astrophysics | |
University of California Berkeley, United States | |
Princeton University, United States | |
Heidelberg University, Germany |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/zq33v/a-wolf-359-in-sheep-s-clothing-hunting-for-substellar-companions-in-the-fifth-closest-system-using-combined-high-contrast-imaging-and-radial-velocity-analysis
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