Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System
Article
Article Title | Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System |
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ERA Journal ID | 1048 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Cale, Bryson L. (Author), Reefe, Michael (Author), Plavchan, Peter (Author), Tanner, Angelle (Author), Gaidos, Eric (Author), Gagne, Jonathan (Author), Gao, Peter (Author), Kane, Stephen R. (Author), Bejar, Victor J. S. (Author), Lodieu, Nicolas (Author), Anglada-Escude, Guillem (Author), Ribas, Ignasi (Author), Palle, Enric (Author), Quirrenbach, Andreas (Author), Amado, Pedro J. (Author), Reiners, Ansgar (Author), Caballero, Jose A. (Author), Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa (Author), Dreizler, Stefan (Author), Howard, Andrew W. (Author), Fulton, Benjamin J. (Author), Wang, Sharon Xuesong (Author), Collins, Kevin I. (Author), El Mufti, Mohammed (Author), Wittrock, Justin (Author), Gilbert, Emily A. (Author), Barclay, Thomas (Author), Klein, Baptiste (Author), Martioli, Eder (Author), Wittenmyer, Robert (Author), Wright, Duncan (Author), Addison, Brett (Author), Hirano, Teruyuki (Author), Tamura, Motohide (Author), Kotani, Takayuki (Author), Narita, Norio (Author), Vermilion, David (Author), Lee, Rena A. (Author), Geneser, Claire (Author), Teske, Johanna (Author), Quinn, Samuel N. (Author), Latham, David W. (Author), Esquerdo, Gilbert A. (Author), Calkins, Michael L. (Author), Berlind, Perry (Author), Zohrabi, Farzaneh (Author), Stibbards, Caitlin (Author), Kotnana, Srihan (Author), Jenkins, Jon (Author), Twicken, Joseph D. (Author), Henze, Christopher (Author), Kidwell, Richard (Author), Burke, Christopher (Author), Villasenor, Joel (Author) and Boyd, Patricia (Author) |
Journal Title | The Astronomical Journal |
Journal Citation | 162 (6), pp. 1-32 |
Article Number | 295 |
Number of Pages | 32 |
Year | 2021 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0004-6256 |
1538-3881 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac2c80 |
Web Address (URL) | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac2c80 |
Abstract | We present updated radial-velocity (RV) analyses of the AU Mic system. AU Mic is a young (22 Myr) early-M dwarf known to host two transiting planets - P b ∼ 8.46 days, Rb=4.38-0.18+0.18 R oplus, P c ∼ 18.86 days, R c=3.51-0.16+0.16 R oplus. With visible RVs from Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical echelle Spectrographs (CARMENES)-VIS, CHIRON, HARPS, HIRES, Minerva-Australis, and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, as well as near-infrared (NIR) RVs from CARMENES-NIR, CSHELL, IRD, iSHELL, NIRSPEC, and SPIRou, we provide a 5σ upper limit to the mass of AU Mic c of M c ≤ 20.13 M ⊕ and present a refined mass of AU Mic b of M b=20.12-1.57+1.72 M oplus. Used in our analyses is a new RV modeling toolkit to exploit the wavelength dependence of stellar activity present in our RVs via wavelength-dependent Gaussian processes. By obtaining near-simultaneous visible and near-infrared RVs, we also compute the temporal evolution of RV 'color' and introduce a regressional method to aid in isolating Keplerian from stellar activity signals when modeling RVs in future works. Using a multiwavelength Gaussian process model, we demonstrate the ability to recover injected planets at 5σ significance with semi-amplitudes down to ≈10 m s-1 with a known ephemeris, more than an order of magnitude below the stellar activity amplitude. However, we find that the accuracy of the recovered semi-amplitudes is ∼50% for such signals with our model. |
Keywords | Exoplanets (498); Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 510109. Stellar astronomy and planetary systems |
Public Notes | For access to this article, please click on the URL link provided. |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
Byline Affiliations | George Mason University, United States |
Mississippi State University, United States | |
University of Hawaii, United States | |
University of Montreal, Canada | |
University of California, United States | |
Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, Spain | |
University of Barcelona, Spain | |
Heidelberg University, Germany | |
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia, Spain | |
Georg August University of Gottingen, Germany | |
European Space Astronomy Centre, Spain | |
Astrobiology Center, Spain | |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States | |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States | |
Tsinghua University, China | |
University of Chicago, United States | |
University of Oxford, United Kingdom | |
Sorbonne University, France | |
University of Southern Queensland | |
Astrobiology Center, Japan | |
Missouri State University, United States | |
Carnegie Institution of Washington, United States | |
Center for Astrophysics Harvard and Smithsonian, United States | |
Louisiana State University, United States | |
NASA Ames Research Center, United States | |
Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, United States | |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States | |
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q77w0/diving-beneath-the-sea-of-stellar-activity-chromatic-radial-velocities-of-the-young-au-mic-planetary-system
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