Modelling the Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Incidence of Covid-19 Infection Adjusting for the Confounders and Unobserved Heterogeneity
Article
Article Title | Modelling the Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Incidence of Covid-19 Infection Adjusting for the Confounders and Unobserved Heterogeneity |
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ERA Journal ID | 41643 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Hoque, Zahirul, Hossain, Shahadut, Hasan, Masud, Hoque, Irfanul and Haque, Afrozul |
Journal Title | Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics |
Journal Citation | 18 (1), pp. 19-33 |
Number of Pages | 15 |
Year | 2023 |
Publisher | Islamic Countries Society of Statistical Sciences (ISOSS) |
Place of Publication | Pakistan |
ISSN | 1930-6792 |
Web Address (URL) | http://japs.isoss.net/April23.htm |
Abstract | This study quantifies the relation between vitamin D and the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection after controlling for the common observable concomitant variables and unobserved confounding variables. The agegender specific vitamin D level, obesity rates, COVID-19 infection and related data were retrieved from published sources. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression model was used to quantify the adjusted association of vitamin D on COVID-19 infection rate. People with normal serum vitamin D level possessed 48% lower risk of being infected from COVID-19 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.517; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.297, 0.899) as compared to those having deficiency. The elderly males (aged over 60 years) possessed 28% higher risk of being infected by COVID-19 (IRR=1.28; 95% CI: 0.963, 1.703). A significantly lower COVID-19 infection rate was observed among people with normal level of vitamin D (> 50 nmol/L) compared to those with vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for the observable confounding variables and for the country level heterogeneity. In conclusion, the findings of this research suggest an inverse relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 infection, and hence raising serum vitamin D to normal level can reduce COVID-19 infection significantly. |
Keywords | COVID-19 |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 4206. Public health |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing |
Health Canada, Canada | |
Australian National University | |
Griffith University | |
Jamia Hamdard, India |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z3qyv/modelling-the-association-between-vitamin-d-deficiency-and-incidence-of-covid-19-infection-adjusting-for-the-confounders-and-unobserved-heterogeneity
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