Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares
Article
Namekata, Kosuke, Airapetian, Vladimir S., Petit, Pascal, Maehara, Hiroyuki, Ikuta, Kai, Inoue, Shun, Notsu, Yuta, Paude, Rishi R., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Avramova-Boncheva, Antoaneta A., Gendreau, Keith, Jeffers, Sandra V., Marsden, Stephen, Morin, Julien, Neiner, Coralie, Vidotto, Aline A. and Shibata, Kazunari. 2024. "Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 961 (1). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7c
Article Title | Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares |
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ERA Journal ID | 1057 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Namekata, Kosuke, Airapetian, Vladimir S., Petit, Pascal, Maehara, Hiroyuki, Ikuta, Kai, Inoue, Shun, Notsu, Yuta, Paude, Rishi R., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Avramova-Boncheva, Antoaneta A., Gendreau, Keith, Jeffers, Sandra V., Marsden, Stephen, Morin, Julien, Neiner, Coralie, Vidotto, Aline A. and Shibata, Kazunari |
Journal Title | The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics |
Journal Citation | 961 (1) |
Article Number | 23 |
Number of Pages | 35 |
Year | 2024 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0004-637X |
1538-4357 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7c |
Web Address (URL) | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7c |
Abstract | Young solar-type stars frequently produce superflares, serving as a unique window into the young Sun-Earth environments. Large solar flares are closely linked to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with filament/prominence eruptions, but observational evidence for stellar superflares remains scarce. Here, we present a 12-day, multiwavelength campaign observation of young solar-type star EK Draconis (G1.5V, 50-120 Myr age) utilizing the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR, and the Seimei telescope. The star has previously exhibited blueshifted Hα absorptions as evidence for a filament eruption associated with a superflare. Our simultaneous optical and X-ray observations identified three superflares of 1.5 × 1033-1.2 × 1034 erg. We report the first discovery of two prominence eruptions on a solar-type star, observed as blueshifted Hα emissions at speeds of 690 and 430 km s−1 and masses of 1.1 × 1019 and 3.2 × 1017 g, respectively. The faster, massive event shows a candidate of post-flare X-ray dimming with the amplitude of up to ∼10%. Several observational aspects consistently point to the occurrence of a fast CME associated with this event. The comparative analysis of the estimated length scales of flare loops, prominences, possible dimming region, and starspots provides the overall picture of the eruptive phenomena. Furthermore, the energy partition of the observed superflares in the optical and X-ray bands is consistent with flares from the Sun, M-dwarfs, and close binaries, yielding the unified empirical relations. These discoveries provide profound implications of the impact of these eruptive events on early Venus, Earth, and Mars and young exoplanets. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. |
Keywords | Stellar flares; Stellar coronal mass ejections; Stellar coronal dimming; Solar prominences ; Solar filament eruptions ; Optical flares; Stellar x-ray flares ; Flare stars ; G dwarf stars ; Solar analogs |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 510109. Stellar astronomy and planetary systems |
Byline Affiliations | National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Japan |
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States | |
American University, United States | |
University of Toulouse, France | |
University of Tokyo, Japan | |
Kyoto University, Japan | |
National Solar Observatory, United States | |
University of Colorado Boulder, United States | |
University of Maryland, United States | |
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria | |
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany | |
Centre for Astrophysics | |
University of Montpellier, France | |
Sorbonne University, France | |
Leiden University, Netherlands | |
Doshisha University, Japan |
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