Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups

Article


Benson, John F., Keiter, David A., Mahoney, Peter J., Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee, Alvares, Francisco, Anderson, Morgan L., Barber-Meyer, Barber-Meyer, Barocas, Adi, Beasley, James C., Behrendorff, Linda, Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer Jr, Dean E., Boitani, Luigi, Borg, Bridget L., Boutin, Stan, Boydston, Erin E., Brown, Justin L., Bump, Joseph K., ..., Patterson, Brent R.. 2024. "Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups." Ecology. 106 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4492
Article Title

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups

ERA Journal ID3236
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBenson, John F., Keiter, David A., Mahoney, Peter J., Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee, Alvares, Francisco, Anderson, Morgan L., Barber-Meyer, Barber-Meyer, Barocas, Adi, Beasley, James C., Behrendorff, Linda, Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer Jr, Dean E., Boitani, Luigi, Borg, Bridget L., Boutin, Stan, Boydston, Erin E., Brown, Justin L., Bump, Joseph K., Cepek, Jonathon D., Chamberlain, Michael J., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette M., Cherry, Seth G., Ćirović, Duško, Ciucci, Paolo, Cluff, H. Dean, Cooper, Susan M., Crook, Kevin R., Dupont, Daniel L. J., Fisher, Robert N., Fortin, Daniel, Gable, Thomas D., García, Emilio, Geffen, Eli, Gehrt, Stanley D., Gillingham, Michael, Heard, Douglas C., Hebblewhit, Mark, Hinton, Joseph W., Homkes, Austin T., Howden, Chris G., Huber, Djuro, Jackson, Pat J., Joly, Kyle, Kelly, Allicia, Kelly, Marcella J., Kingdon, Katrien A., Kulkarni, Abhijeet, Kusak, Josip, Kuzyk, Gerald W., Lake, Bryce C., Llanez, Luis, Lopez-Bao, José Vicente, MacNulty, Daniel R., McLaren, Ashley A. D., McLoughlin, Philip D., Merrill, Evelyn H., Mills, Kenneth J., Mitchell, Numi, Moore, Seth A., Mumma, Matthew A., Murray, Maureen H., Musiani, Marco, Nakamura, Monia, Neilson, Eric W., Neufeld, Lalenia M., Newsome, Thomas M., Oakleaf, John K, Palacios, Vicente, Perdica, Marlo M., Perry, Thomas, Petroelje, Tyler R., Piper, Cyrenea B., Prokopenko, Christina M., Prugh, Laura R., Riley, Seth P. D., Rio-Maior, Helena, Roffle, Gretchen H., Rollins, Dale, Sand, Håkan, Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A., Seip, Dale R., Sorum, Mathew S., St. Clair, Colleen C., Steenweg, Robin, Strohbach, Michael W., Tatler, Jack, Thaker, Maria, Thompson, Connor A., Turner, Julie W., Vanak, Abi T., Wal, Eric Vander, Wabakken, Petter, Walter, Scott E., Webster, Sarah C., Wheeldon, Tyler J., Wikenros, Camilla, Windels, Steve K., Young, Julie K., Zabihi-Seissan, Sana, Zimmermann, Barbara and Patterson, Brent R.
Journal TitleEcology
Journal Citation106 (1)
Article Numbere4492
Number of Pages22
Year2024
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0012-9658
1939-9170
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4492
Web Address (URL)https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4492
Abstract

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals. We tracked 574 individuals from six species within the genus Canis in 15 countries on four continents with GPS telemetry to estimate the time that pairs of individuals within social groups spent in close proximity and test hypotheses regarding drivers of cohesion. Pairs of social canids (Canis spp.) varied widely in the proportion of time they spent together (5%–100%) during seasonal monitoring periods relative to both intrinsic characteristics and environmental conditions. The majority of our data came from three species of wolves (gray wolves, eastern wolves, and red wolves) and coyotes. For these species, cohesion within social groups was greatest between breeding pairs and varied seasonally as the nature of cooperative activities changed relative to annual life history patterns. Across species, wolves were more cohesive than coyotes. For wolves, pairs were less cohesive in larger groups, and when suitable, small prey was present reflecting the constraints of food resources and intragroup competition on social associations. Pair cohesion in wolves declined with increased anthropogenic modification of the landscape and greater climatic variability, underscoring challenges for conserving social top predators in a changing world. We show that pairwise cohesion in social groups varies strongly both within and across Canis species, as individuals respond to changing ecological context defined by resources, competition, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our work highlights that cohesion is a highly plastic component of animal sociality that holds significant promise for elucidating ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying cooperative behavior.

Keywordsanimal sociality; Canis; cohesion; cooperative behavior; coyotes; group size; human footprint; wolves
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310703. Microbial ecology
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
Utah State University, United States
Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment
Nelson Mandela University, South Africa
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland
University of Porto, Portugal
British Columbia Ministry of Forests Lands, and Natural Resource Operations, Canada
Pacific Whale Foundation, United State
Tel-Hai College, Israel
MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Israel
University of Georgia, United States
Department of Environment and Science, Queensland
Michigan State University, United States
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
National Park Service, United States
University of Alberta, Canada
S.P.E.C.I.E.S., United States
University of Minnesota, United States
Cleveland Metroparks, United States
Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, United States
Parks Canada Agency, Canada
University of Belgrade, Serbia
Government of the Northwest Territories, Canada
Texas A&M University, United States
Colorado State University, United States
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
Western Ecological Research Center, United States
Laval University, Canada
University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias, Spain
Tel Aviv University, Israel
Ohio State University, United States
University of Northern British Columbia, Canada
Tithonus Wildlife Research, Canada
University of Montana, United States
Wolf Conservation Center, United Sates
Tricky Solutions, Australia
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Nevada Department of Wildlife, United States
Virginia Tech, United States
Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, India
Government of Saskatchewan, Canada
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States
A.RE.NA Asesores en Recursos Naturales S.L., Spain
University of A Coruna, Spain
Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Canada
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Wyoming Game and Fish Department, United States
Conservation Agency, United States
University of Rhode Island, United States
Idaho Department of Fish and Game, United States
University of Bologna, Italy
Canadian Forest Service, Canada
University of Sydney
Association for the Conservation of Nature in Human Environments, Spain
Summit Metro Parks, United States
Michigan Department of Natural Resources, United States
University of Washington, United States
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, United States
Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation, United States
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Canada
Canadian Wildlife Service, Canada
Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
University of Adelaide
Indian Institute of Science, India
Trent University, Canada
Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, India
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
Kickapoo Valley Reserve, United States
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Women in Asian management: cracking the glass ceiling?
Yukongdi, Vimolwan and Benson, John. 2006. "Women in Asian management: cracking the glass ceiling?" Yukongdi, Vimolwan and Benson, John (ed.) Women in Asian management. London and New York. Routledge. pp. 1-10
Women in Asian management: cracking the glass ceiling?
Yukongdi, Vimolwan and Benson, John. 2005. "Women in Asian management: cracking the glass ceiling?" Asia Pacific Business Review. 11 (2), pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360238042000291225
Asian women managers: participation, barriers and future prospects
Benson, John and Yukongdi, Vimolwan. 2005. "Asian women managers: participation, barriers and future prospects." Asia Pacific Business Review. 11 (2), pp. 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360238042000291135