Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups
Article
Article Title | Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups |
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ERA Journal ID | 3236 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Benson, John F., Keiter, David A., Mahoney, Peter J., Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee, Alvares, Francisco, Anderson, Morgan L., Barber-Meyer, Barber-Meyer, Barocas, Adi, Beasley, James C., Behrendorff, Linda, Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer Jr, Dean E., Boitani, Luigi, Borg, Bridget L., Boutin, Stan, Boydston, Erin E., Brown, Justin L., Bump, Joseph K., Cepek, Jonathon D., Chamberlain, Michael J., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette M., Cherry, Seth G., Ćirović, Duško, Ciucci, Paolo, Cluff, H. Dean, Cooper, Susan M., Crook, Kevin R., Dupont, Daniel L. J., Fisher, Robert N., Fortin, Daniel, Gable, Thomas D., García, Emilio, Geffen, Eli, Gehrt, Stanley D., Gillingham, Michael, Heard, Douglas C., Hebblewhit, Mark, Hinton, Joseph W., Homkes, Austin T., Howden, Chris G., Huber, Djuro, Jackson, Pat J., Joly, Kyle, Kelly, Allicia, Kelly, Marcella J., Kingdon, Katrien A., Kulkarni, Abhijeet, Kusak, Josip, Kuzyk, Gerald W., Lake, Bryce C., Llanez, Luis, Lopez-Bao, José Vicente, MacNulty, Daniel R., McLaren, Ashley A. D., McLoughlin, Philip D., Merrill, Evelyn H., Mills, Kenneth J., Mitchell, Numi, Moore, Seth A., Mumma, Matthew A., Murray, Maureen H., Musiani, Marco, Nakamura, Monia, Neilson, Eric W., Neufeld, Lalenia M., Newsome, Thomas M., Oakleaf, John K, Palacios, Vicente, Perdica, Marlo M., Perry, Thomas, Petroelje, Tyler R., Piper, Cyrenea B., Prokopenko, Christina M., Prugh, Laura R., Riley, Seth P. D., Rio-Maior, Helena, Roffle, Gretchen H., Rollins, Dale, Sand, Håkan, Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A., Seip, Dale R., Sorum, Mathew S., St. Clair, Colleen C., Steenweg, Robin, Strohbach, Michael W., Tatler, Jack, Thaker, Maria, Thompson, Connor A., Turner, Julie W., Vanak, Abi T., Wal, Eric Vander, Wabakken, Petter, Walter, Scott E., Webster, Sarah C., Wheeldon, Tyler J., Wikenros, Camilla, Windels, Steve K., Young, Julie K., Zabihi-Seissan, Sana, Zimmermann, Barbara and Patterson, Brent R. |
Journal Title | Ecology |
Journal Citation | 106 (1) |
Article Number | e4492 |
Number of Pages | 22 |
Year | 2024 |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0012-9658 |
1939-9170 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4492 |
Web Address (URL) | https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4492 |
Abstract | Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals. We tracked 574 individuals from six species within the genus Canis in 15 countries on four continents with GPS telemetry to estimate the time that pairs of individuals within social groups spent in close proximity and test hypotheses regarding drivers of cohesion. Pairs of social canids (Canis spp.) varied widely in the proportion of time they spent together (5%–100%) during seasonal monitoring periods relative to both intrinsic characteristics and environmental conditions. The majority of our data came from three species of wolves (gray wolves, eastern wolves, and red wolves) and coyotes. For these species, cohesion within social groups was greatest between breeding pairs and varied seasonally as the nature of cooperative activities changed relative to annual life history patterns. Across species, wolves were more cohesive than coyotes. For wolves, pairs were less cohesive in larger groups, and when suitable, small prey was present reflecting the constraints of food resources and intragroup competition on social associations. Pair cohesion in wolves declined with increased anthropogenic modification of the landscape and greater climatic variability, underscoring challenges for conserving social top predators in a changing world. We show that pairwise cohesion in social groups varies strongly both within and across Canis species, as individuals respond to changing ecological context defined by resources, competition, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our work highlights that cohesion is a highly plastic component of animal sociality that holds significant promise for elucidating ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying cooperative behavior. |
Keywords | animal sociality; Canis; cohesion; cooperative behavior; coyotes; group size; human footprint; wolves |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 310703. Microbial ecology |
Byline Affiliations | University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States |
Utah State University, United States | |
Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment | |
Nelson Mandela University, South Africa | |
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland | |
University of Porto, Portugal | |
British Columbia Ministry of Forests Lands, and Natural Resource Operations, Canada | |
Pacific Whale Foundation, United State | |
Tel-Hai College, Israel | |
MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Israel | |
University of Georgia, United States | |
Department of Environment and Science, Queensland | |
Michigan State University, United States | |
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy | |
National Park Service, United States | |
University of Alberta, Canada | |
S.P.E.C.I.E.S., United States | |
University of Minnesota, United States | |
Cleveland Metroparks, United States | |
Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, United States | |
Parks Canada Agency, Canada | |
University of Belgrade, Serbia | |
Government of the Northwest Territories, Canada | |
Texas A&M University, United States | |
Colorado State University, United States | |
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada | |
Western Ecological Research Center, United States | |
Laval University, Canada | |
University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias, Spain | |
Tel Aviv University, Israel | |
Ohio State University, United States | |
University of Northern British Columbia, Canada | |
Tithonus Wildlife Research, Canada | |
University of Montana, United States | |
Wolf Conservation Center, United Sates | |
Tricky Solutions, Australia | |
University of Zagreb, Croatia | |
Nevada Department of Wildlife, United States | |
Virginia Tech, United States | |
Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, India | |
Government of Saskatchewan, Canada | |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States | |
A.RE.NA Asesores en Recursos Naturales S.L., Spain | |
University of A Coruna, Spain | |
Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Canada | |
University of Saskatchewan, Canada | |
Wyoming Game and Fish Department, United States | |
Conservation Agency, United States | |
University of Rhode Island, United States | |
Idaho Department of Fish and Game, United States | |
University of Bologna, Italy | |
Canadian Forest Service, Canada | |
University of Sydney | |
Association for the Conservation of Nature in Human Environments, Spain | |
Summit Metro Parks, United States | |
Michigan Department of Natural Resources, United States | |
University of Washington, United States | |
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, United States | |
Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation, United States | |
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden | |
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Canada | |
Canadian Wildlife Service, Canada | |
Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany | |
University of Adelaide | |
Indian Institute of Science, India | |
Trent University, Canada | |
Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, India | |
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway | |
Kickapoo Valley Reserve, United States |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/zv01v/intrinsic-and-environmental-drivers-of-pairwise-cohesion-in-wild-canis-social-groups
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