An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases—study results 2: Testing and donor vigilance

Article

Conti, Galen, Epstein, Jay, Wendel, Silvano, Tagny, Claude Tayou, Lewin, Antoine, Lamba, Divjot Singh, Bust, Lesley, Kafere, Chancelar, Stanley, Jean, Roussakis, Maria, Kamel, Hany, Dodd, Roger Y., Stramer, Susan L. and Harmonization Subgroup of the ISBT Working Party on Global Blood Safety. 2025. "An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases—study results 2: Testing and donor vigilance." Vox Sanguinis: international journal of transfusion medicine. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70056
Article Title

An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases—study results 2: Testing and donor vigilance

ERA Journal ID16947
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsConti, Galen, Epstein, Jay, Wendel, Silvano, Tagny, Claude Tayou, Lewin, Antoine, Lamba, Divjot Singh, Bust, Lesley, Kafere, Chancelar, Stanley, Jean, Roussakis, Maria, Kamel, Hany, Dodd, Roger Y., Stramer, Susan L. and Harmonization Subgroup of the ISBT Working Party on Global Blood Safety
Journal TitleVox Sanguinis: international journal of transfusion medicine
Number of Pages10
Year2025
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0042-9007
1423-0410
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70056
Web Address (URL)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vox.70056
Abstract

Background and Objectives
The results of a global survey on blood safety measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases (TTIDs) were analysed, focusing on TTID testing requirements, practices and associated donor actions (vigilance).

Materials and Methods
Responses by country/region (C/R) were categorized by World Bank income (WBI) levels: low- and lower middle-income (LLMI), upper middle-income (UMI) and high-income (HI). Consensus responses were used for C/Rs with multiple survey responses. Regions within China and India were analysed separately. Survey questions on TTID testing and donor vigilance were compared across WBI levels.

Results
Responses from 74 C/Rs representing 65 countries and Hong Kong were analysed. All C/Rs reported mandatory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening, with a few exceptions for syphilis. Most testing standards were set by national law, using antibody and/or antigen testing for HIV, HBV and HCV; antibody testing was common for syphilis. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was less common in LLMI than in UMI and HI C/Rs. Confirmatory testing was reported by almost all (96%) C/Rs, often using the same screening test. All C/Rs provided educational material to donors, and deferred/notified donors based on reactive/positive TTID results. Most C/Rs reported reactive/positive results to a central entity, and 89% withdrew and destroyed in-date units from previous collections.

Conclusion
All reporting C/Rs screened for HIV, HBV and HCV, with most using confirmatory testing. Advanced tests such as NAT were less common in LLMI C/Rs. Donor vigilance was consistent across income groups, with education, notification and deferral for TTID results, and most reporting withdrawal/destruction of previous collections.

Keywordsblood donor vigilance; global blood safety; infectious disease testing
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020320199. Cardiovascular medicine and haematology not elsewhere classified
320799. Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsAmerican Red Cross, United States
International Society of Blood Transfusion, United States
Hospital Sirio-Libanês Blood Bank, Brazil
University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon
Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canada
University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
Africa Society for Blood Transfusion, South Africa
Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany
Roche Diagnostic Solutions, United States
School of Health and Medical Sciences
Harmonization Subgroup of the ISBT Working Party on Global Blood Safety
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An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases—study results 1: Participation rates and the presence of laws, regulations, standards and best practices
Conti, Galen, Epstein, Jay, Wendel, Silvano, Tagny, Claude Tayou, Lewin, Antoine, Lamba, Divjot Singh, Bust, Lesley, Kafere, Chancelar, Stanley, Jean, Roussakis, Maria, Kamel, Hany, Dodd, Roger Y., Stramer, Susan L. and ISBT Working Party for Global Blood Safety Subgroup on Harmonization of Regulations and Standards. 2025. "An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases—study results 1: Participation rates and the presence of laws, regulations, standards and best practices." Vox Sanguinis: international journal of transfusion medicine. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70057