Adaptive immune response-modifying and antimicrobial properties of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide

PhD Thesis


Xu, Youhong. 2009. Adaptive immune response-modifying and antimicrobial properties of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Title

Adaptive immune response-modifying and antimicrobial properties of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide

TypePhD Thesis
Authors
AuthorXu, Youhong
SupervisorMarshall, Ray
Dearnaley, John
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Qualification NameDoctor of Philosophy
Number of Pages177
Year2009
Abstract

Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a traditional herbal medicine which is widely used for the treatment of many diseases in Asia. Recently, various biological activities of AP extract or andrographolide (AND), such as immunostimulatory activity, anti-inflammatory
effect, cytokine induction or deduction, a potential cancer therapeutic agent and T cell activation suppression, have been reported. However the potential of
AP extract or AND to stimulate the specific or adaptive immune response using microbial vaccines has not been determined. In this project, AND has been purified
from AP and its identity confirmed by the melting point, colour test, TLC, UV absorption spectrum, ESI-MS and H-NMR. An aqueous and two ethanolic extracts of
Andrographis paniculata and AND, an active principle of Andrographis paniculata, were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against nine bacterial species in vitro using the disc diffusion method. It was discovered that neither the aqueous extract nor AND were bacteriostatic or bactericidal against S. typhimurium, E. coli, S. sonnei, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, L. pneumophila or B. pertussis
but the two ethanolic extracts of AP were bacteriostatic against L. pneumophila and B. pertussis. It was also observed that the ethanol extract of AP and AND stimulated
both antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses to a killed S. typhimurium vaccine. Mice were vaccinated with either one dose or two doses of killed S. typhimurium vaccine. They were fed two different quantities of an ethanol extract of AP or AND for 14 days in mice immunised with one dose of the vaccine, and for 28 days in mice immunised with two doses of vaccine, respectively. Both the extract and AND significantly increased the IgG antibody titres against S. typhimurium, with the
increase in antibody titres being statistically significant in the two dose vaccine group. Although not statistically significant, there was also a substantial increase in the IgG antibody titres in the one dose vaccine group. Splenocyte cultures from mice from
both the immunisation groups treated with the extract or AND stimulated with the S. typhimurium lysate showed a significant increase in the production of IFN-γ in both
14 and 28 day AP extract or AND treatment groups. The increase indicates the induction of a cell-mediated immune response. To confirm the immunomodulatory potential of AP extract and determine the immunomodulatory potential of AND, experiments were conducted using mouse salmonellosis as a model system. Mice were vaccinated with two doses of killed S. typhimurium vaccine by intraperitoneal
(i/p) route and orally dosed with AP extract at 25 mg/kg bodyweight or AND at 4 mg/kg bodyweight for total 28 days, followed by oral challenge with virulent S. typhimurium. Both AP extract and AND substantially increased the survival rate by 50% after mice were challenged with 10 fold of a sublethal dose (1.5x10 6 cfu) of virulent S. typhimurium. They also promoted clearance of S. typhimurium from challenged mice by days 8 or 12 post-challenge with 1.5x10 cfu virulent S. typhimurium respectively. Sera IgG, IgA antibody titres against S. typhimurium and IFN-γ or IL-2 were detected after the mice were challenged by the oral route with a sublethal dose (1.5x10 cfu) of virulent S. typhimurium for 12 days. It was thus concluded that both Andrographis paniculata and AND not only elicited both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the mouse model, but also increased
the protective efficacy against salmonellosis on mice vaccinated with inactivated S. typhimurium. Therefore the ability of Andrographis paniculata and AND to promote
acquired immunity, particularly in inducing CMI may be important in protection against intracellular pathogen infection.

KeywordsAndrographis paniculata; andrographolide; adaptive immune response
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020320404. Cellular immunology
Byline AffiliationsFaculty of Sciences
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/9yzy9/adaptive-immune-response-modifying-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-andrographis-paniculata-and-andrographolide

Download files


Published Version
Xu_2009_whole.pdf
File access level: Anyone

  • 3228
    total views
  • 2862
    total downloads
  • 1
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

An investigation on the antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts and Andrographolide in vitro
Xu, Youhong, Marshall, Raymond L. and Mukkur, T. K. S.. 2006. "An investigation on the antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts and Andrographolide in vitro." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 5 (3), pp. 527-530.
Modulation of immune response in mice immunised with an inactivated Salmonella vaccine and gavaged with Andrographis paniculata extract or andrographolide
Xu, Youhong, Chen, Austen Y., Fry, Scott R., Barrow, Russell A., Marshall, Raymond L. and Mukkur, T. K. S.. 2007. "Modulation of immune response in mice immunised with an inactivated Salmonella vaccine and gavaged with Andrographis paniculata extract or andrographolide." International Immunopharmacology. 7 (4), pp. 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.12.008
A metabolite-deficient mutant of Bordetella pertussis that induces secretory IgA and cell-mediated immunity in mice vaccinated by the intranasal route
Mukkur, T. K. S., Cornford-Nairn, Renee A., Rossetti, T., Kershaw, S., Fry, Scott Robert, Xu, Youhong and Daggard, Grant A.. 2005. "A metabolite-deficient mutant of Bordetella pertussis that induces secretory IgA and cell-mediated immunity in mice vaccinated by the intranasal route." Fang, Ferric C. (ed.) 105th American Society for Microbiology: General Meeting. Atlanta, Georgia 05 - 09 Jun 2005 Washington.