The reproducibility of acquiring three dimensional gait and plantar pressure data using established protocols in participants with and without type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers

Article


Fernando, Malindu, Crowther, Robert G., Cunningham, Margaret, Lazzarini, Peter A., Sangla, Kunwarjit S., Buttner, Petra and Golledge, Jonathan. 2016. "The reproducibility of acquiring three dimensional gait and plantar pressure data using established protocols in participants with and without type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers." Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 9 (4), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-016-0135-8
Article Title

The reproducibility of acquiring three dimensional gait and plantar pressure data using established protocols in participants with and without type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers

ERA Journal ID40107
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsFernando, Malindu (Author), Crowther, Robert G. (Author), Cunningham, Margaret (Author), Lazzarini, Peter A. (Author), Sangla, Kunwarjit S. (Author), Buttner, Petra (Author) and Golledge, Jonathan (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Foot and Ankle Research
Journal Citation9 (4), pp. 1-12
Number of Pages12
Year2016
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1757-1146
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-016-0135-8
Web Address (URL)http://www.jfootankleres.com/
Abstract

Background: Several prospective studies have suggested that gait and plantar pressure abnormalities secondary to diabetic peripheral neuropathy contributes to foot ulceration. There are many different methods by which gait and plantar pressures are assessed and currently there is no agreed standardised approach. This study aimed to describe the methods and reproducibility of three-dimensional gait and plantar pressure assessments in a small subset of participants using pre-existing protocols.

Methods: Fourteen participants were conveniently sampled prior to a planned longitudinal study; four patients with diabetes and plantar foot ulcers, five patients with diabetes but no foot ulcers and five healthy controls. The repeatability of measuring key biomechanical data was assessed including the identification of 16 key anatomical landmarks, the measurement of seven leg dimensions, the processing of 22 three-dimensional gait parameters and the analysis of four different plantar pressures measures at 20 foot regions.

Results: The mean inter-observer differences were within the pre-defined acceptable level (<7 mm) for 100% (16 of 16) of key anatomical landmarks measured for gait analysis. The intra-observer assessment concordance correlation coefficients were > 0.9 for 100% (7 of 7) of leg dimensions. The coefficients of variations (CVs) were within the pre-defined acceptable level (<10%) for 100% (22 of 22) of gait parameters. The CVs were within the pre-defined acceptable level (<30%) for 95% (19 of 20) of the ontact area measures, 85% (17 of 20) of mean plantar pressures, 70% (14 of 20) of pressure time integrals and 55% (11 of 20) of maximum sensor plantar pressure measures.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study suggest that important gait and plantar pressure measurements can be reliably acquired. Nearly all measures contributing to three-dimensional gait parameter assessments were within predefined acceptable limits. Most plantar pressure measurements were also within predefined acceptable limits; however, reproducibility was not as good for assessment of the maximum sensor pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the reproducibility of several biomechanical methods in a heterogeneous cohort.

Keywordsdiabetic foot; reproducibility of results; gait; locomotion; plantar pressure; foot ulcer
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420701. Biomechanics
Public Notes

First place winner for the USQ School-Specific 2016 Publication Excellence Awards for Journal Articles - School of Health and Wellbeing.
Published version made available in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Byline AffiliationsJames Cook University
University of Stirling, United Kingdom
Queensland University of Technology
Department of Health, Queensland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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