Does lethal control of top-predators release mesopredators? A re-evaluation of three Australian case studies

Article

Allen, Benjamin L., Lundie-Jenkins, Geoff, Burrows, Neil D., Engeman, Richard M., Fleming, Peter J. S. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2014. "Does lethal control of top-predators release mesopredators? A re-evaluation of three Australian case studies." Ecological Management and Restoration. 15 (3), pp. 191-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12118
Article Title

Does lethal control of top-predators release mesopredators? A re-evaluation of three Australian case studies

ERA Journal ID3232
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsAllen, Benjamin L. (Author), Lundie-Jenkins, Geoff (Author), Burrows, Neil D. (Author), Engeman, Richard M. (Author), Fleming, Peter J. S. (Author) and Leung, Luke K.-P. (Author)
Journal TitleEcological Management and Restoration
Journal Citation15 (3), pp. 191-195
Number of Pages5
Year2014
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationAustralia
ISSN1442-7001
1839-3330
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12118
Web Address (URL)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/emr.12118/abstract
Abstract

Top-predators can sometimes be important for structuring fauna assemblages in terrestrial ecosystems. Through a complex trophic cascade, the lethal control of top-predators has been predicted to elicit positive population responses from mesopredators that may in turn increase predation pressure on prey species of concern. In support of this hypothesis, many relevant research papers, opinion pieces and literature reviews identify three particular case studies as supporting evidence for top-predator control-induced release of mesopredators in Australia. However, many fundamental details essential for supporting this hypothesis are missing from these case studies, which were each designed to investigate alternative aims. Here, we re-evaluate the strength of evidence for top-predator control-induced mesopredator release from these three studies after comprehensive analyses of associated unpublished correlative and experimental data. Circumstantial evidence alluded to mesopredator releases of either the European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) or feral Cat (Felis catus) coinciding with Dingo (Canis lupus dingo) control in each case. Importantly, however, substantial limitations in predator population sampling techniques and/or experimental designs preclude strong assertions about the effect of lethal control on mesopredator populations from these studies. In all cases, multiple confounding factors and plausible alternative explanations for observed changes in predator populations exist. In accord with several critical reviews and a growing body of demonstrated experimental evidence on the subject, we conclude that there is an absence of reliable evidence for top-predator control-induced mesopredator release from these three case studies. Well-designed and executed studies are critical for investigating potential top-predator control-induced mesopredator release.

Keywordslethal control; mesopredator release; poison baiting; top-predator; trophic cascade
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410407. Wildlife and habitat management
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland
Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia
Department of Agriculture, United States
Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Allen, Benjamin L., Cox, Tarnya E., Fleming, Peter J. S., Meek, Paul D. and Russell, James C.. 2018. "Wildlife conservation management on inhabited islands." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management. 25 (1), pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2018.1424500
Right on track? Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research
Hofman, M. P. G., Hayward, M. W., Heim, M., Marchand, P., Rolandsen, C. M., Mattisson, J., Urbano, F., Heurich, M., Mysterud, A., Melzheimer, J., Morellet, N., Voigt, U., Allen B.L., Gehr, B., Rouco, C., Ullmann, W., Holand, Ø., Jørgensen, N. H., Steinheim, G., ..., Balkenhol, N.. 2019. "Right on track? Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research ." PLoS One. 14 (5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216223
Resource pulses affect prey selection and reduce dietary diversity of dingoes in arid Australia
Tatler, Jack, Prowse, Thomas A. A., Roshier, David A., Allen, Benjamin L. and Cassey, Phillip. 2019. "Resource pulses affect prey selection and reduce dietary diversity of dingoes in arid Australia." Mammal Review. 49 (3), pp. 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12157
Deconstructing compassionate conservation
Hayward, Matt, Callen, Alex, Allen, Benjamin L., Ballard, Guy, Broekhuis, Femke, Bugir, Cassandra, Clarke, Rohan H., Clulow, John, Clulow, Simon, Daltry, Jennifer C., Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., Fleming, Peter J. S., Griffin, Andrea S., Howell, Lachlan G., Kerley, Graham I. H., Klop-Toker, Kaya, Legge, Sarah, Major, Tom, Meyer, Ninon, ..., Wuster, Wolfgang. 2019. "Deconstructing compassionate conservation." Conservation Biology. 33 (4), pp. 760-768. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13366
Bringing objectivity to wildlife management: Welfare effects of guardian dogs
Allen, Benjamin, Allen, Lee R., Ballard, Guy, Drouilly, Marine, Fleming, Peter J.S., Hampton, Jordan O., Hayward, Matthew W., Kerley, Graham I.H., Meek, Paul D., Minnie, Liaan, O'Riain, M. Justin, Parker, Daniel M. and Somers, Michael J.. 2019. "Bringing objectivity to wildlife management: Welfare effects of guardian dogs." Biological Conservation. 236, p. 582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.024
Genetic sampling identifies canid predators of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in peri-urban areas
Gentle, Matthew, Allen, Benjamin, Oakey, Jane, Speed, James, Harriott, Lana, Loader, Jo, Robbins, Amy, de Villiers, Deidre and Hanger, Jon. 2019. "Genetic sampling identifies canid predators of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in peri-urban areas." Landscape and Urban Planning. 190, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103591
A roadmap to meaningful dingo conservation
Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee R., Ballard, Guy, Jackson, Stephen M. and Fleming, Peter J. S.. 2017. "A roadmap to meaningful dingo conservation." Canid Biology & Conservation. 20 (11), pp. 45-56.
Large carnivore science: non-experimental studies are useful, but experiments are better
Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee R., Andren, Henrik, Ballard, Guy, Boitani, Luigi, Engeman, Richard M., Fleming, Peter J. S., Ford, Adam T., Haswell, Peter M., Kowalczyk, Rafal, Linnell, John D. C., Mech, L. David and Parker, Daniel M.. 2017. "Large carnivore science: non-experimental studies are useful, but experiments are better." Food Webs. 13, pp. 49-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2017.06.002
Intraspecific killing behaviour of canids: how dingoes kill dingoes
Behrendorff, Linda, Belonje, Grant and Allen, Benjamin L.. 2018. "Intraspecific killing behaviour of canids: how dingoes kill dingoes." Ethology Ecology and Evolution. 30 (1), pp. 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2017.1316522
Recent invasion of European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on to Fraser Island (K'gari) and South Stradbroke Island
Allen, Benjamin L., Behrendorff, Linda, Willsher, Lyn, Kaluza, Janina and Oakey, Jane. 2017. "Recent invasion of European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on to Fraser Island (K'gari) and South Stradbroke Island." Austral Ecology: a journal of ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. 42 (7), pp. 752-758. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12494
Anti-predator meshing may provide greater protection for sea turtle nests than predator removal
O'Connor, Julie M., Limpus, Colin J., Hofmeister, Kate M., Allen, Benjamin L. and Burnett, Scott E.. 2017. "Anti-predator meshing may provide greater protection for sea turtle nests than predator removal." PLoS One. 12 (2), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171831
Do female dingo–dog hybrids breed like dingoes or dogs?
Cursino, Marina S., Harriott, Lana, Allen, Benjamin L., Gentle, Matthew and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2017. "Do female dingo–dog hybrids breed like dingoes or dogs?" Australian Journal of Zoology. 65 (2), pp. 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO17005
Dingoes at the doorstep: home range sizes and activity patterns of dingoes and other wild dogs around urban areas of north-eastern Australia
McNeill, Alice T., Leung, Luke K.-P., Goullet, Mark S., Gentle, Matthew N. and Allen, Benjamin L.. 2016. "Dingoes at the doorstep: home range sizes and activity patterns of dingoes and other wild dogs around urban areas of north-eastern Australia." Animals. 6 (8), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6080048
Reply to the criticism by Johnson et al. (2014) on the report by Allen et al (2013)
Allen, B. L., Allen, L. R., Engeman, R. M. and Leung, L. K.-P.. 2014. "Reply to the criticism by Johnson et al. (2014) on the report by Allen et al (2013)." Frontiers in Zoology.
The longevity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) wild dog baits and the implications for effective and safe baiting campaigns
Gentle, Matthew, Speed, James, Allen, Benjamin L., Harris, Stacy, Haapakoski, Hellen and Bell, Kerry. 2017. "The longevity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) wild dog baits and the implications for effective and safe baiting campaigns." Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24 (13), pp. 12338-12346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8668-3
Dingoes, domestic dogs, or hybrids? Genetics of peri-urban wild dogs in north-eastern Australia
Gentle, Matt, Oakey, Jane, Speed, James, Allen, Ben and Allen, Lee Robert. 2016. "Dingoes, domestic dogs, or hybrids? Genetics of peri-urban wild dogs in north-eastern Australia." 5th Queensland Pest Animal Symposium: Options, Obstacles & Outcomes. Townsville, Australia 07 - 10 Nov 2016 Queensland, Australia.
Skin and bone: observations of dingo scavenging during a chronic food shortage
Allen, Benjamin L.. 2010. "Skin and bone: observations of dingo scavenging during a chronic food shortage." Australian Mammalogy. 32 (2), pp. 207-208. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM10012
The effect of wild dog control on cattle production and biodiversity in the South Australian arid zone
Eldridge, S. R., Bird, P. L., Brook, A., Campbell, G., Miller, H. A., Read, J. L. and Allen, B. L.. 2016. The effect of wild dog control on cattle production and biodiversity in the South Australian arid zone. Port Augusta, South Australia. South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board.
From den to dust: longevity of three dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari)
Behrendorff, Linda and Allen, Benjamin L.. 2016. "From den to dust: longevity of three dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari)." Australian Mammalogy. 38 (2), pp. 256-260. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM16005
A comment on the distribution of historical and contemporary livestock grazing across Australia: implications for using dingoes for biodiversity conservation
Allen, Benjamin L.. 2011. "A comment on the distribution of historical and contemporary livestock grazing across Australia: implications for using dingoes for biodiversity conservation." Ecological Management and Restoration. 12 (1), pp. 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2011.00571.x
Additional records of small mammals in northern South Australia
Allen, B., Read, J. L. and Medlin, G.. 2011. "Additional records of small mammals in northern South Australia." Australian Mammalogy. 33 (1), pp. 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM10032
Wild dogma II: the role and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia
Allen, Benjamin L., Engeman, Richard M. and Allen, Lee R.. 2011. "Wild dogma II: the role and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia." Current Zoology. 57 (6), pp. 737-740. https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.6.737
Wild dogma: An examination of recent “evidence” for dingo regulation of invasive mesopredator release in Australia
Allen, Benjamin L., Engeman, Richard M. and Allen, Lee R.. 2011. "Wild dogma: An examination of recent “evidence” for dingo regulation of invasive mesopredator release in Australia." Current Zoology. 57 (5), pp. 568-583. https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.568
Top-predators as biodiversity regulators: contemporary issues affecting knowledge and management of dingoes in Australia
Allen, Benjamin L., Fleming, Peter J. S., Hayward, Matt, Allen, Lee R., Engeman, Richard M., Ballard, Guy and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2012. "Top-predators as biodiversity regulators: contemporary issues affecting knowledge and management of dingoes in Australia." Lameed, Gbolagade Akeem (ed.) Biodiversity enrichment in a diverse world. Rijeka, Croatia. In-Tech. pp. 85-132
Scat happens: spatiotemporal fluctuation in dingo scat collection rates
Allen, Benjamin L.. 2012. "Scat happens: spatiotemporal fluctuation in dingo scat collection rates." Australian Journal of Zoology. 60 (2), pp. 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO12038
Seven considerations about dingoes as biodiversity engineers: the socioecological niches of dogs in Australia
Fleming, Peter J. S., Allen, Benjamin L. and Ballard, Guy-Anthony. 2012. "Seven considerations about dingoes as biodiversity engineers: the socioecological niches of dogs in Australia." Australian Mammalogy. 34 (1), pp. 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM11012
Do desert dingoes drink daily? Visitation rates at remote waterpoints in the Strzelecki Desert
Allen, Benjamin L.. 2012. "Do desert dingoes drink daily? Visitation rates at remote waterpoints in the Strzelecki Desert." Australian Mammalogy. 34 (2), pp. 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM12012
Assessing predation risk to threatened fauna from their prevalence in predator scats: dingoes and rodents in arid Australia
Allen, Benjamin L. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2012. "Assessing predation risk to threatened fauna from their prevalence in predator scats: dingoes and rodents in arid Australia." PLoS One. 7 (5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036426
Reintroducing the dingo: the risk of dingo predation to threatened vertebrates of western New South Wales
Allen, B. L. and Fleming, P. J. S.. 2012. "Reintroducing the dingo: the risk of dingo predation to threatened vertebrates of western New South Wales." Wildlife Research. 39 (1), pp. 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR11128
The effects of lethal control on the conservation values of Canis lupus dingo
Allen, B. L.. 2012. "The effects of lethal control on the conservation values of Canis lupus dingo." Maia, A. P. and Crussi, H. F. (ed.) Wolves: biology, behavior and conservation. New York, United States. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 79-108
The short-term effects of a routine poisoning campaign on the movements and detectability of a social top-predator
Allen, Benjamin L., Engeman, Richard M. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2014. "The short-term effects of a routine poisoning campaign on the movements and detectability of a social top-predator." Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 21 (3), pp. 2178-2190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2118-7
Dingoes at the doorstep: preliminary data on the ecology of dingoes in urban areas
Allen, Benjamin L., Goullet, Mark, Allen, Lee R., Lisle, Allan and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2013. "Dingoes at the doorstep: preliminary data on the ecology of dingoes in urban areas." Landscape and Urban Planning. 119, pp. 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.008
Intraguild relationships between sympatric predators exposed to lethal control: predator manipulation experiments
Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee R., Engeman, Richard M. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2013. "Intraguild relationships between sympatric predators exposed to lethal control: predator manipulation experiments." Frontiers in Zoology. 10, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-10-39
Influence of dingoes on sheep distribution in Australia
Allen, B. L. and West, P.. 2013. "Influence of dingoes on sheep distribution in Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal. 91 (7), pp. 261-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12075
The success of GPS collar deployments on mammals in Australia
Matthews, Alison, Ruykys, Laura, Ellis, Bill, FitzGibbon, Sean, Lunney, Daniel, Crowther, Mathew S., Glen, Alistair S., Purcell, Brad, Moseby, Katherine, Stott, Jenny, Fletcher, Don, Wimpenny, Claire, Allen, Benjamin L., Van Bommel, Linda, Roberts, Michael, Davies, Nicole, Green, Ken, Newsome, Thomas, Ballard, Guy, ..., Wiggins, Natasha. 2013. "The success of GPS collar deployments on mammals in Australia." Australian Mammalogy. 35 (1), pp. 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM12021
Cautionary considerations for positive dingo management: a response to the Johnson and Ritchie critique of Fleming et al. (2012)
Fleming, Peter J. S., Allen, Benjamin L. and Ballard, Guy-Anthony. 2013. "Cautionary considerations for positive dingo management: a response to the Johnson and Ritchie critique of Fleming et al. (2012)." Australian Mammalogy. 35 (1), pp. 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM12036
As clear as mud: a critical review of evidence for the ecological roles of Australian dingoes
Allen, Benjamin L., Fleming, Peter J. S., Allen, Lee R., Engeman, Richard M., Ballard, Guy and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2013. "As clear as mud: a critical review of evidence for the ecological roles of Australian dingoes." Biological Conservation. 159 (March), pp. 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.004
Sympatric prey responses to lethal top-predator control: predator manipulation experiments
Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee R., Engeman, Richard M. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2014. "Sympatric prey responses to lethal top-predator control: predator manipulation experiments." Frontiers in Zoology. 11 (1), pp. 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0056-y
Management of wild canids in Australia: free-ranging dogs and red foxes
Fleming, Peter J. S., Allen, Ben L., Allen, Lee R., Ballard, Guy A., Bengsen, Andrew, Gentle, Matt, McLeod, Lynette, Meek, Paul and Saunders, Glen. 2014. "Management of wild canids in Australia: free-ranging dogs and red foxes." Glen, A. S. and Dickman, C. R. (ed.) Carnivores of Australia: past, present and future. Australia. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 107-152
Balancing dingo conservation with human safety on Fraser Island: the numerical and demographic effects of humane destruction of dingoes
Allen, B. L., Higginbottom, K., Bracks, J. H., Davies, N. and Baxter, G. S.. 2015. "Balancing dingo conservation with human safety on Fraser Island: the numerical and demographic effects of humane destruction of dingoes." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management. 22 (2), pp. 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2014.999134
RE: Dingoes are a major causal factor for the decline and distribution of sheep in Australia
Allen, B. L. and West, P.. 2015. "RE: Dingoes are a major causal factor for the decline and distribution of sheep in Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal. 93 (4), pp. 90-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12311
Top-predator control-induced trophic cascades: an alternative hypothesis to the conclusion of Colman et al
Allen, Benjamin L.. 2015. "Top-predator control-induced trophic cascades: an alternative hypothesis to the conclusion of Colman et al." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1799), pp. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1251
More buck for less bang: reconciling competing wildlife management interests in agricultural food webs
Allen, Benjamin L.. 2015. "More buck for less bang: reconciling competing wildlife management interests in agricultural food webs." Food Webs. 2 (1-9), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2014.12.001
Interactions between two naturalised invasive predators in Australia: are feral cats suppressed by dingoes?
Allen, Benjamin L., Allen, Lee R. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2015. "Interactions between two naturalised invasive predators in Australia: are feral cats suppressed by dingoes?" Biological Invasions. 17 (2), pp. 761-776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0767-1
The distribution and density of water mice (Xeromys myoides) in the Maroochy River of Southeast Queensland, Australia
Kaluza, Janina, Donald, R. Lesley, Gynther, Ian C., Leung, Luke K-P. and Allen, Benjamin L.. 2016. "The distribution and density of water mice (Xeromys myoides) in the Maroochy River of Southeast Queensland, Australia." PLoS One. 11 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146133
The (non)effects of lethal population control on the diet of Australian dingoes
Allen, Benjamin L. and Leung, Luke K.-P.. 2014. "The (non)effects of lethal population control on the diet of Australian dingoes." PLoS One. 9 (9), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108251
Diet of dingoes and other wild dogs in peri-urban areas of north-eastern Australia
Allen, Benjamin L., Carmelito, Erin, Amos, Matt, Goullet, Mark S., Allen, Lee R., Speed, James, Gentle, Matt and Leung, Luke -K.-P.. 2016. "Diet of dingoes and other wild dogs in peri-urban areas of north-eastern Australia." Scientific Reports. 6, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23028
Insects for breakfast and whales for dinner: the diet and body condition of dingoes on Fraser Island (K’gari)
Behrendorff, Linda, Leung, Luke K.-P., McKinnon, Allan, Hanger, Jon, Belonje, Grant, Tapply, Jenna, Jones, Darryl and Allen, Benjamin L.. 2016. "Insects for breakfast and whales for dinner: the diet and body condition of dingoes on Fraser Island (K’gari)." Scientific Reports. 6, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23469
Identifying reproductive state of the Julia Creek dunnart Sminthopsis douglasi by behavioural observations
Bjursell, A., Withers, K., Senior, G., Lundie-Jenkins, G. and Kennerley, P.. 2005. "Identifying reproductive state of the Julia Creek dunnart Sminthopsis douglasi by behavioural observations." Cree, Alison (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (ANZSCPB 2005). Dunedin, New Zealand 09 - 11 Dec 2005 New Zealand.
Application of machine vision technology to identification of oestrous in the Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)
Bjursell, A., Dunn, M., Withers, K., Senior, G., Lundie-Jenkins, G. and Billingsley, J.. 2005. "Application of machine vision technology to identification of oestrous in the Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)." Cree, Alison (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (ANZSCPB 2005). Dunedin, New Zealand 09 - 11 Dec 2005 New Zealand.