Proximal soil sensing. An effective approach for soil measurements in space and time

Article

Viscarra Rossel, R. A., McKenzie, N. J., Adamchuk, V. I., Sudduth, K. A. and Lobsey, C.. 2011. "Proximal soil sensing. An effective approach for soil measurements in space and time." Advances in Agronomy. 113, pp. 237-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386473-4.00010-5
Article Title

Proximal soil sensing. An effective approach for soil measurements in space and time

ERA Journal ID5296
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsViscarra Rossel, R. A. (Author), McKenzie, N. J. (Author), Adamchuk, V. I. (Author), Sudduth, K. A. (Author) and Lobsey, C. (Author)
Journal TitleAdvances in Agronomy
Journal Citation113, pp. 237-282
Number of Pages46
Year2011
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0065-2113
2213-6789
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386473-4.00010-5
Web Address (URL)https://www.elsevier.com/books/advances-in-agronomy/sparks/978-0-12-386473-4
Abstract

This chapter reviews proximal soil sensing (PSS). Our intent is for it to be a source of up-to-date information on PSS, the technologies that are currently available and their use for measuring soil properties. We first define PSS and discuss the sampling dilemma. Using the range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum as a framework, we describe technologies that can be used for PSS, including electrochemical and mechanical sensors, telemetry, geographic positioning and elevation, multisensor platforms, and core measuring and down-borehole sensors. Because soil properties can be measured with different proximal soil sensors we provide examples of the alternative techniques that are available for measuring soil properties. We also indicate the developmental stage of technologies for PSS and the current approximate cost of commercial sensors. Our discussion focuses on the development of PSS over the past 30. years and on its current state. Finally, we provide a short list of general considerations for future work and suggest that we need research and development to: (i) improve soil sampling designs for PSS, (ii) define the most suitable technique or combination of techniques for measuring key soil properties, (iii) better understand the interactions between soil and sensor signals, (iv) derive theoretical sensor calibrations, (v) understand the basis for local versus global sensor calibrations, (vi) improve signal processing, analysis and reconstruction techniques, (vii) derive and improve methods for sensor data fusion, and (viii) explore the many and varied soil, agricultural, and environmental applications where proximal soil sensors could be used. PSS provides soil scientists with an effective approach to learn more about soils. Proximal soil sensors allow rapid and inexpensive collection of precise, quantitative, fine-resolution data, which can be used to better understand soil spatial and temporal variability. We hope that this review raises awareness about PSS to further its research and development and to encourage the use of proximal soil sensors in different applications. PSS can help provide sustainable solutions to the global issues that we face: food, water, and energy security and climate change.

KeywordsElectrical conductivity; Electrochemical sensing; Electromagnetic induction; Gamma radiometrics; Geophysics; Mechanical sensors; Mobile soil sensors; Multisensor platform; Proximal soil sensing; Sensor data fusion; Soil analysis; Soil measurement; Soil sampling; Soil spectroscopy;
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410603. Soil biology
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Byline AffiliationsCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia
McGill University, Canada
Department of Agriculture, United States
Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Queensland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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