Socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of breast cancer screening among Saudi women: a cross-sectional analysis of a national survey

Article

Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Hashmi, Rubayyat, Almubark, Sarh, Qattan, Ameerah M. N. and Pulok, Mohammad Habibullah. 2020. "Socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of breast cancer screening among Saudi women: a cross-sectional analysis of a national survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (6), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062056
Article Title

Socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of breast
cancer screening among Saudi women: a cross-sectional analysis of a national survey

ERA Journal ID44293
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsAl-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled (Author), Hashmi, Rubayyat (Author), Almubark, Sarh (Author), Qattan, Ameerah M. N. (Author) and Pulok, Mohammad Habibullah (Author)
Journal TitleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal Citation17 (6), pp. 1-13
Article Number2056
Number of Pages13
Year2020
PublisherMDPI AG
Place of PublicationBasel, Switzerland
ISSN1660-4601
1661-7827
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062056
Abstract

Timely and adequate screening for breast cancer could improve health outcomes and reduce health costs. However, the utilization of free breast cancer screening services among Saudi women is very low. This study aims to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer screening among Saudi women. The data of this study were extracted from the nationally representative Saudi Health Interview Survey, conducted in 2013; the study included 2786 Saudi women. Multivariate logistic regression, the concentration curve, and the concentration index were used to examine, illustrate, and quantify income- and education-related inequalities in three outcomes: Knowledge about self-breast examination (SBE), clinical breast examination (CBE) received in the last year, and mammography, that has ever been previously carried out. Results showed a marked socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer screening services. The concentration index by income was 0.229 (SBE), 0.171 (CBE), and 0.163 (mammography). The concentration index by education was 0.292 (SBE), 0.149 (CBE), and 0.138 (mammography). Therefore, knowledge about breast cancer screening, and the utilization of screening services, were more concentrated among richer and better-educated women. Poorer and less educated women had less knowledge about self-breast examination, and had considerably less adherence to clinical breast examination and mammography. The findings are helpful for policy makers to devise and implement strategies to promote equity in breast cancer screening among Saudi women.

Keywordsbreast cancer; inequality; screening; Saudi Arabia; concentration curve; concentration index
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420603. Health promotion
420602. Health equity
380108. Health economics
Byline AffiliationsKing Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
School of Commerce
Nova Scotia Health Authority, Canada
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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