Reordering and Partitioning of Distributed Quantum Circuits

Article


Dadkhah, Davood, Zomorodi, Mariam, Hosseini, Seyed Ebrahim, Plawiak, Pawel and Zhou, Xujuan. 2022. "Reordering and Partitioning of Distributed Quantum Circuits." IEEE Access. 10, pp. 70329-70341. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3186485
Article Title

Reordering and Partitioning of Distributed Quantum Circuits

ERA Journal ID210567
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsDadkhah, Davood (Author), Zomorodi, Mariam (Author), Hosseini, Seyed Ebrahim (Author), Plawiak, Pawel (Author) and Zhou, Xujuan (Author)
Journal TitleIEEE Access
Journal Citation10, pp. 70329-70341
Number of Pages13
Year2022
PublisherIEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN2169-3536
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3186485
Web Address (URL)https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9807294
Abstract

A new approach to reduce the teleportation cost and execution time in Distributed Quantum Circuits (DQCs) was proposed in the present paper. DQCs, a well-known solution, have been applied to solve the problem of maintaining a large number of qubits next to each other. In the distributed quantum system, the qubits are transferred to another subsystem by a quantum protocol like teleportation. Hence, a novel method was proposed to optimize the number of teleportation and to reduce the execution time for generating DQC. To this end, first, the quantum circuit was reordered according to the qubits placement to improve the computational execution time, and then the quantum circuit was modeled as a graph. Finally, we combined the genetic algorithm (GA) and the modified tabu search algorithm (MTS) to partition the graph model in order to obtain a distributed quantum circuit aimed at reducing the number of teleportation costs. A significant reduction in teleportation cost (TC) and execution time (ET) was obtained in benchmark circuits. In particular, we performed a more accurate optimization than the previous approaches, and the proposed approach yielded the best results for several benchmark circuits.

KeywordsQuantum computing, distributed quantum circuit, optimization, genetic algorithm, teleportation
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020460299. Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
461307. Quantum computation
Byline AffiliationsFerdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Cracow University of Technology, Poland
School of Business
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q77q6/reordering-and-partitioning-of-distributed-quantum-circuits

Download files


Published Version
  • 80
    total views
  • 157
    total downloads
  • 3
    views this month
  • 2
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Respiratory rate estimation from photoplethysmogram baseline wandering by harmonic analysis and sequential fusion
Zhang, Chi, Wei, Shaoming, Dong, Ge, Zeng, Yajun, Zhu, Guohun, Zhou, Xujuan and Liu, Feng. 2025. "Respiratory rate estimation from photoplethysmogram baseline wandering by harmonic analysis and sequential fusion." Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. 100 (Part C). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2024.107006
An Enhanced Conventional Neural Network Schema for Structural Class-based Software Fault Prediction
Nabi, Faisal, Zhou, Xujuan and Gururajan, Raj. 2024. "An Enhanced Conventional Neural Network Schema for Structural Class-based Software Fault Prediction ." Journal of Cyber Security Technology . https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2024.2402014
PollenNet: A Novel Deep Learning Architecture for High Precision Pollen Grain Classification through Deep Learning and Explainable AI
Shamrat, F M Javed Mehedi, Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna, Zhou, Xujuan, Khalid, Majdi, Sharmin, Sharmin, Sharmin, Zeseya, Ahmed, Kawsar and Moni, Mohammad Ali. 2024. "PollenNet: A Novel Deep Learning Architecture for High Precision Pollen Grain Classification through Deep Learning and Explainable AI ." Heliyon. 10 (19). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38596
Advancing thyroid care: An accurate trustworthy diagnostics system with interpretable AI and hybrid machine learning techniques
Sutradha, Ananda, Akter, Sharmin, Shamrat, F M Javed Mehedi, Ghosh, Pronab, Zhou, Xujuan, Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna Bin, Ahmed, Kawsar and Moni, Mohammad Ali. 2024. "Advancing thyroid care: An accurate trustworthy diagnostics system with interpretable AI and hybrid machine learning techniques ." Heliyon. 10 (17). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36556
FruitSeg30_Segmentation Dataset & Mask Annotations: A Novel Dataset for Diverse Fruit Segmentation and Classification
Shamrat, F.M. Javed Mehedi, Shakil, Rashiduzzaman, Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna, Akter, Bonna and Zhou, Xujuan. 2024. "FruitSeg30_Segmentation Dataset & Mask Annotations: A Novel Dataset for Diverse Fruit Segmentation and Classification ." Data in Brief. 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.110821
Time-Domain Sparsity-Based Bearing Fault Diagnosis Methods Using Pulse Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Zhang, Chi, Wei, Shaoming, Dong, Ge, Zeng, Yajun, Zhu, Guohun, Zhou, Xujuan and Liu, Feng. 2024. "Time-Domain Sparsity-Based Bearing Fault Diagnosis Methods Using Pulse Signal-to-Noise Ratio." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 73. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3375978
Development of a multi-fusion convolutional neural network (MF-CNN) for enhanced gastrointestinal disease diagnosis in endoscopy image analysis
Hossain, Tanzim, Shamrat, F M Javed Mehedi, Zhou, Xujuan, Mahmud, Imran, Mazumder, Md. Sakib Ali, Sharmin, Sharmin and Gururajan, Raj. 2024. "Development of a multi-fusion convolutional neural network (MF-CNN) for enhanced gastrointestinal disease diagnosis in endoscopy image analysis." PeerJ Computer Science. 10. https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ-CS.1950
Clustered FedStack: Intermediate Global Models with Bayesian Information Criterion
Shaik, Thanveer, Tao, Xiaohui, Li, Lin, Higgins, Niall, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan and Yong, Jianming. 2024. "Clustered FedStack: Intermediate Global Models with Bayesian Information Criterion." Pattern Recognition Letters. 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2023.12.004
Enhancing intrusion detection systems through dimensionality reduction: A comparative study of machine learning techniques for cyber security
Nabi, Faisal and Zhou, Xujuan. 2024. "Enhancing intrusion detection systems through dimensionality reduction: A comparative study of machine learning techniques for cyber security." Cyber Security and Applications. 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csa.2023.100033
A survey of autonomous monitoring systems in mental health
Gopalakrishnan, Abinaya, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan, Venkataraman, Revathi, Chan, Ka Ching and Higgins, Niall. 2024. "A survey of autonomous monitoring systems in mental health." WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 14 (3). https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1527
Student Perceptions of ChatGPT Through an Expectancy Value Theory
Sankaran, Prema, Deshbhag, Raksha, Durbha, Krishna, Gururajan, Raj and Zhou, Xujuan. 2023. "Student Perceptions of ChatGPT Through an Expectancy Value Theory." 2023 IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT). Venice, Italy 26 - 29 Oct 2023 United States. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). https://doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT59888.2023.00089
BOO-ST and CBCEC: two novel hybrid machine learning methods aim to reduce the mortality of heart failure patients
Sutradhar, Ananda, Al Rafi, Mustahsin, Shamrat, F M Javed Mehedi, Ghosh, Pronab, Das, Subrata, Islam, MdAnaytul, Ahmed, Kawsar, Zhou, Xujuan, Azad, A. K. M, Alyami, Salem A. and Moni, Mohammad Ali. 2023. "BOO-ST and CBCEC: two novel hybrid machine learning methods aim to reduce the mortality of heart failure patients." Scientific Reports. 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48486-7
The Threat of Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack for User Equipment in 5G Networks
Khan, Danish, Zhou, Xujuan and Yong, Jianming. 2023. "The Threat of Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack for User Equipment in 5G Networks." 2022 Tenth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). Guilin, China 04 - 05 Nov 2022 China. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). https://doi.org/10.1109/CBD58033.2022.00050
Decentralized Blockchain Network
Abduljabbar, Tamara Abdulmunim, Tao, Xiaohui, Zhang, Ji, Yong, Jianming and Zhou, Xujuan. 2023. "Decentralized Blockchain Network." 2022 Tenth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). Guilin, China 04 - 05 Nov 2022 China. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). https://doi.org/10.1109/CBD58033.2022.00049
Attribute Selection Hybrid Network Model for risk factors analysis of postpartum depression using Social media
Gopalakrishnan, Abinaya, Gururajan, Raj, Venkataraman, Revathi, Zhou, Xujuan, Chan, Ka Chan, Saravanan, Arul and Sen, Maitrayee. 2023. "Attribute Selection Hybrid Network Model for risk factors analysis of postpartum depression using Social media." Brain Informatics. 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-023-00206-7
A Modified Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm Using Lengthening Chromosome Size and an Adaptive Look-Up Table to Avoid Local Optima
Hakemi, Shahin, Houshmand, Mahboobeh, Hosseini, Seyyed Abed and Zhou, Xujuan. 2023. "A Modified Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm Using Lengthening Chromosome Size and an Adaptive Look-Up Table to Avoid Local Optima." Axioms. 12 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12100978
When can cancer patient treatment nonadherence be considered intentional or unintentional? A scoping review
Wreyford, Leon, Gururajan, Raj and Zhou, Xujuan. 2023. "When can cancer patient treatment nonadherence be considered intentional or unintentional? A scoping review." PLoS One. 18 (5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282180
Identifying predictive biomarkers for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation response in depression patients with explainability
Squires, Matthew, Tao, Xiaohui, Elangovan, Soman, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2023. "Identifying predictive biomarkers for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation response in depression patients with explainability." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107771
Deep learning and machine learning in psychiatry: a survey of current progress in depression detection, diagnosis and treatment
Squires, Matthew, Tao, Xiaohui, Elangovan, Soman, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan, Acharya, U. Rajendra and Li, Yuefeng. 2023. "Deep learning and machine learning in psychiatry: a survey of current progress in depression detection, diagnosis and treatment." Brain Informatics. 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-023-00188-6
Gynecological cancer prognosis using machine learning techniques: A systematic review of the last three decades (1990–2022)
Sheehy, Joshua, Rutledge, Hamish, Acharya, U. Rajendra, Loh, Hui Wen, Gururajan, Raj, Tao, Xiaohui, Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Gurney, Tiana and Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, S.. 2023. "Gynecological cancer prognosis using machine learning techniques: A systematic review of the last three decades (1990–2022)." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102536
A systematic review of literature on credit card cyber fraud detection using machine and deep learning
Marazqah Btoush, Eyad Abdel Latif, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Chan, Ka Ching, Genrich, Rohan and Sankaran, Prema. 2023. "A systematic review of literature on credit card cyber fraud detection using machine and deep learning." PeerJ Computer Science. 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1278
Research on agricultural product quality traceability system based on blockchain technology
Zheng, Fang, Huang, Siyuan, Zhou, Xiong, Ta, Shujun, Zhou, Xujuan, Chan, Ka Ching and Gururajan, Raj. 2023. "Research on agricultural product quality traceability system based on blockchain technology ." Web Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.3233/WEB-220088
Stroke Localization Using Multiple Ridge Regression Predictors Based on Electromagnetic Signals
Gao, Shang, Zhu, Guohun, Bialkowski, Alina and Zhou, Xujuan. 2023. "Stroke Localization Using Multiple Ridge Regression Predictors Based on Electromagnetic Signals." Mathematics. 11 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11020464
Remote patient monitoring using artificial intelligence: Current state, applications, and challenges
Shaik, Thanveer, Tao, Xiaohui, Higgins, Niall, Li, Li, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2023. "Remote patient monitoring using artificial intelligence: Current state, applications, and challenges." WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 13 (2). https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1485
Detecting Depression Using Single-Channel EEG and Graph Methods
Zhu, Guohun, Qiu, Tong, Ding, Yi, Gao, Shang, Zhao, Nan, Liu, Feng, Zhou, Xujuan and Gururajan, Raj. 2022. "Detecting Depression Using Single-Channel EEG and Graph Methods." Mathematics. 10 (22), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10224177
AI enabled RPM for Mental Health Facility
Shaik, Thanveer, Tao, Xiaohui, Higgins, Niall, Xie, Haoran, Gururajan, Raj and Zhou, Xujuan. 2022. "AI enabled RPM for Mental Health Facility." 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Sensing for Smart Healthcare (WMSSH 2022). Sydney, Australia 21 Oct 2022 New York, United States. https://doi.org/10.1145/3556551.3561191
FedStack: Personalized Activity Monitoring using Stacked Federated Learning
Shaik, Thanveer, Tao, Xiaohui, Higgins, Niall, Gururajan, Raj, Li, Yuefeng, Zhou, Xujuan and Acharya, U Rajendra. 2022. "FedStack: Personalized Activity Monitoring using Stacked Federated Learning." Knowledge-Based Systems. 257, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2022.109929
Adaptive Fault Resolution for Database Replication Systems
Wee, Chee Keong, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Tao, Xiaohui and Wee, Nathan. 2022. "Adaptive Fault Resolution for Database Replication Systems." Li, Bohan, Yue, Lin, Jiang, Jing, Chen, Weitong, Li, Xue, Long, Guodong, Fang, Fei and Yu, Han (ed.) 17th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (ADMA 2021). Sydney, Australia 02 - 04 Feb 2022 Berlin. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95405-5_26
Mobile phone enabled mental health monitoring to enhance diagnosis for severity assessment of behaviours: a review
Gopalakrishnan, Abinaya, Venkataraman, Revathi, Gururajan, Raj, Xujuan, Zhou and Genrich, Rohan. 2022. "Mobile phone enabled mental health monitoring to enhance diagnosis for severity assessment of behaviours: a review." PeerJ Computer Science. 8, pp. 1-34. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1042
A Survey on Credit Card Fraud Detection Techniques in Banking Industry for Cyber Security
Btoush, Eyad, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Chan, KC and Tao, XiaoHui. 2021. "A Survey on Credit Card Fraud Detection Techniques in Banking Industry for Cyber Security." 8th IEEE International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC 2021). Doha, Qatar 29 - 31 Oct 2021 Doha, Qatar. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC53957.2021.9635559
A survey on detection of cybersecurity threats on Twitter using deep learning
Alsodi, Omar, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj and Shrestha, Anup. 2021. "A survey on detection of cybersecurity threats on Twitter using deep learning." Xu, Guandong, Ali, Raian, Zaghouani, Wajdi, Tao, Xiaohui and Li, Lin (ed.) 8th IEEE International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC 2021). Doha, Qatar 29 - 31 Oct 2021 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC53957.2021.9635406
A novel genetic algorithm based system for the scheduling of medical treatments
Squires, Matthew, Tao, Xiaohui, Elangovan, Soman, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan and Acharya, Udyavara Rajendra. 2022. "A novel genetic algorithm based system for the scheduling of medical treatments." Expert Systems with Applications. 195, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116464
Application of CycleGAN and transfer learning techniques for automated detection of COVID-19 using X-ray images
Bargshady, Ghazal, Zhou, Xujuan, Barua, Prabal Datta, Gururajan, Raj, Li, Yuefeng and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2022. "Application of CycleGAN and transfer learning techniques for automated detection of COVID-19 using X-ray images." Pattern Recognition Letters. 153, pp. 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2021.11.020
A Secured Movie Recommendation System using Decentralized Blockchain Network
Abduljabbar, Tamara Abdulmunim, Tao, Xiaohui, Zhang, Ji, Yong, Jianming and Zhou, Xujuan. 2022. "A Secured Movie Recommendation System using Decentralized Blockchain Network." 9th International Conference on Behavior, Economic and Social Computing (BESC 2022). Matsuyama, Japan 29 202 - 31 Oct 2022 United States. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC57393.2022.9995357
Transfer learning techniques for medical image analysis: A review
Kora, Padmavathi, Ooi, Chui Ping, Faust, Oliver, Raghavendra, U., Gudigar, Anjan, Chan, Wai Yee, Meenakshi, K., Swaraja, K., Plawiak, Pawel and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2022. "Transfer learning techniques for medical image analysis: A review." Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 42 (1), pp. 79-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2021.11.004
Hybrid genetic-discretized algorithm to handle data uncertainty in diagnosing stenosis of coronary arteries
Alizadehsani, Roohallah, Roshanzamir, Mohamad, Abdar, Moloud, Beykikhoshk, Adham, Khosravi, Abbas, Nahavandi, Saeid, Plawiak, Pawel, Tan, Ru San and Acharya, Rajendra. 2022. "Hybrid genetic-discretized algorithm to handle data uncertainty in diagnosing stenosis of coronary arteries." Expert Systems: the journal of knowledge engineering. 39 (7). https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12573
Development and Validation of a Dynamic Tool to Predict Aggressive Patient Behaviours in Hospital Settings: Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches
Gururajan, R, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, S, Zhou, X. and Boon, K. 2022. "Development and Validation of a Dynamic Tool to Predict Aggressive Patient Behaviours in Hospital Settings: Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches." Royal Australian College of Physicians (RACP) Congress 2022. Sydney, Australia 15 - 19 May 2022 SAGE Publications Ltd.
Predicting Women with Postpartum Depression Symptoms Using Machine Learning Techniques
Gopalakrishnan, Abinaya, Venkataraman, Revathi, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xujuan and Zhu, Guohun. 2022. "Predicting Women with Postpartum Depression Symptoms Using Machine Learning Techniques." Mathematics. 10 (23). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10234570
Integration of blockchains with management information systems
Chan, Ka Ching, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Zhou, Xiong, Ally, Mustafa and Gardiner, Michael. 2020. "Integration of blockchains with management information systems." Tamba, Tua A. (ed.) 2019 International Conference on Mechatronics, Robotics and Systems Engineering (MoRSE 2019). Bali, Indonesia 04 - 06 Dec 2019 https://doi.org/10.1109/MoRSE48060.2019.8998694
Twitter analysis for depression on social networks based on sentiment and stress
Tao, Xiaohui, Dharmalingam, Ravi, Zhang, Ji, Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Lin and Gururajan, Raj. 2019. "Twitter analysis for depression on social networks based on sentiment and stress." 6th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC 2019). Beijing, China 28 - 30 Oct 2019 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC48373.2019.8963550
MeKG: building a medical knowledge graph by data mining from MEDLINE
Pham, Thuan, Tao, Xiaohui, Zhang, Ji, Yong, Jianming, Zhou, Xujuan and Gururajan, Raj. 2019. "MeKG: building a medical knowledge graph by data mining from MEDLINE." Liang, Peipeng, Goel, Vinod and Shan, Chunlei (ed.) 12th International Conference on Brain Informatics (BI 2019). Haikou, China 13 - 15 Dec 2019 Switzerland. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37078-7_16
A Case Study of Predicting Banking Customers Behaviour by Using Data Mining
Zhou, Xujuan, Bargshady, Ghazal, Abdar, Moloud, Tao, Xiaohui, Gururajan, Raj and Chan, K. C.. 2019. "A Case Study of Predicting Banking Customers Behaviour by Using Data Mining." 6th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC 2019). Beijing, China 28 - 30 Oct 2019 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC48373.2019.8963436
Performance improvement of decision trees for diagnosis of coronary artery disease using multi filtering approach
Abdar, Moloud, Nasarian, Elham, Zhou, Xujuan, Bargshady, Ghazal, Wijayaningrum, Vivi Nur and Hussain, Sadiq. 2019. "Performance improvement of decision trees for diagnosis of coronary artery disease using multi filtering approach." 4th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS 2019). Singapore 23 - 25 Feb 2019 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCOMS.2019.8821633
A set of quality metrics for the evaluation of voice termination services
Chan, Ka C., Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj and Barua, Prabal. 2018. "A set of quality metrics for the evaluation of voice termination services." 5th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC 2018). Kaohsiung, Taiwan 12 - 14 Nov 2018 Los Alamitos, CA, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC.2018.00036
Based on the internet plus the safety of agricultural products traceability research
Zhou, Xiong, Zheng, Fang, Chan, Ka C., Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Wu, Zhangguang and Zhou, Enxing. 2018. "Based on the internet plus the safety of agricultural products traceability research." 5th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC 2018). Kaohsiung, Taiwan 12 - 14 Nov 2018 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC.2018.8697322
An ensemble-based decision tree approach for educational data mining
Abdar, Moloud, Zomorodi-Moghadam, Mariam and Zhou, Xujuan. 2018. "An ensemble-based decision tree approach for educational data mining." 5th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC 2018). Kaohsiung, Taiwan 12 - 14 Nov 2018 Los Alamitos, CA, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC.2018.00033
Application of Quantum Natural Language Processing for Language Translation
Abbaszade, Mina, Salari, Vahid, Mousavi, S. Shahin, Zomorodi, Mariam and Zhou, Xujuan. 2021. "Application of Quantum Natural Language Processing for Language Translation." IEEE Access. 9, pp. 130434-130448. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3108768
A novel approach based on genetic algorithm to speed up the discovery of classification rules on GPUs
Roui, Mohammad Beheshti, Zomorodi, Mariam, Sarvelayati, Masoomeh, Abdar, Moloud, Noori, Hamid, Plawiak, Pawel, Tadeusiewicz, Ryszard, Zhou, Xujuan, Khosravi, Abbas, Nahavandi, Saeid and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2021. "A novel approach based on genetic algorithm to speed up the discovery of classification rules on GPUs." Knowledge-Based Systems. 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107419
Remote Patient Monitoring Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Machine Learning for Early Detection of Suicidal Behaviour in Mental Health Facilities
Tao, Xiaohui, Shaik, Thanveer Basha, Higgins, Niall, Gururajan, Raj and Zhou, Xujuan. 2021. "Remote Patient Monitoring Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Machine Learning for Early Detection of Suicidal Behaviour in Mental Health Facilities." Sensors. 21 (3), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030776
A survey of privacy solutions using blockchain for recommender systems: current status, classification and open issues
Abduljabbar, Tamara Abdulmunim, Tao, Xiaohui, Zhang, Ji, Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Lin and Cai, Yi. 2021. "A survey of privacy solutions using blockchain for recommender systems: current status, classification and open issues." The Computer Journal. 64 (7), pp. 1104-1129. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab065
Future IoT tools for COVID-19 contact tracing and prediction: A review of the state-of-the-science
Jahmunah, Vicnesh, Sudarshan, Vidya K., Oh, Shu Lih, Gururajan, Raj, Gururajan, Rashmi, Zhou, Xujuan, Tao, Xiaohui, Faust, Oliver, Ciaccio, Edward J., Ng, Kwan Hoong and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2021. "Future IoT tools for COVID-19 contact tracing and prediction: A review of the state-of-the-science." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology. 31 (2), pp. 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.22552
A New Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model for Automated Breast Cancer Detection
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Gururajan, Raj, Bargshady, Ghazal, Tao, Xiaohui, Venkataraman, Revathi, Barua, Prabal D. and Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas. 2020. "A New Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model for Automated Breast Cancer Detection." 7th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC 2020). Bournemouth, United Kingdom 05 - 07 Nov 2020 United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1109/BESC51023.2020.9348322
Automated detection of shockable ECG signals: A review
Hammad, Mohamed, Rajesh, Kandala N.V.P.S, Abdelatey, Amira, Abdar, Moloud, Zomorodi-Moghadam, Mariam, Tan, Ru-San, Acharya, U. Rajendra, Plawiak, Joanna, Tadeusiewicz, Ryszard, Makarenkov, Vladimir, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Khosravi, Abbas, Nahavandi, Saeid, Abd El-Latif, Ahmed A. and Plawiak, Pawel. 2021. "Automated detection of shockable ECG signals: A review." Information Sciences. 571, pp. 580-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2021.05.035
The modeling of human facial pain intensity based on Temporal Convolutional Networks trained with video frames in HSV color space
Bargshady, Ghazal, Zhou, Xujuan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Soar, Jeffrey, Whittaker, Frank and Wang, Hua. 2020. "The modeling of human facial pain intensity based on Temporal Convolutional Networks trained with video frames in HSV color space." Applied Soft Computing. 97 (Part A), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106805
Ensemble neural network approach detecting pain intensity from facial expressions
Bargshady, Ghazal, Zhou, Xujuan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Soar, Jeffrey, Whittaker, Frank and Wang, Hua. 2020. "Ensemble neural network approach detecting pain intensity from facial expressions." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 109, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101954
A survey on text classification and its applications
Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Li, Yuefeng, Venkataraman, Revathi, Tao, Xiaohui, Bargshady, Ghazala, Barua, Prabal D. and Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas. 2020. "A survey on text classification and its applications." Web Intelligence. 18 (2), pp. 205-216. https://doi.org/10.3233/WEB-200442
From Traceability to Provenance of Agricultural Products through Blockchain
Zhou, Xiong, Zheng, Fang, Zhou, Xujuan, Chan, Ka Ching, Gururajan, Raj, Wu, Zhangguang and Zhou, Enxing. 2020. "From Traceability to Provenance of Agricultural Products through Blockchain." Web Intelligence. 18 (3), pp. 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3233/WEB-200440
Automated prediction of sepsis using temporal convolutional network
Kok, Christopher, Jahmunah, V., Oh, Shu Lih, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Tao, Xiaohui, Cheong, Kang Hao, Gururajan, Rashmi, Molinari, Filippo and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2020. "Automated prediction of sepsis using temporal convolutional network." Computers in Biology and Medicine. 127, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103957
Classification of malignant and benign lung nodule and prediction of image label class using multi-deep model
Zia, Muahammad Bilal, Zhao, Juan Juan, Zhou, Xujuan, Xiao, Ning, Wang, Jiawen and Khan, Ammad. 2020. "Classification of malignant and benign lung nodule and prediction of image label class using multi-deep model." International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 11 (3), pp. 35-41.
Association between work-related features and coronary artery disease: a heterogeneous hybrid feature selection integrated with balancing approach
Nasarian, Elham, Abdar, Moloud, Fahami, Mohammad Amin, Alizadehsani, Roohallah, Hussain, Sadiq, Basiri, Mohammad Ehsan, Zomorodi-Moghadam, Mariam, Zhou, Xujuan, Plawiak, Pawel, Acharya, U. Rajendra, Tan, Ru-San and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal. 2020. "Association between work-related features and coronary artery disease: a heterogeneous hybrid feature selection integrated with balancing approach." Pattern Recognition Letters. 133, pp. 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2020.02.010
Enhanced deep learning algorithm development to detect pain intensity from facial expression images
Bargshady, Ghazal, Zhou, Xujuan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Soar, Jeffery, Whittaker, Frank and Wang, Hua. 2020. "Enhanced deep learning algorithm development to detect pain intensity from facial expression images." Expert Systems with Applications. 149, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113305
A comprehensive analysis of adverb types for mining user sentiments on Amazon product reviews
Chauhan, Ummara Ahmed, Afzal, Muhammad Tanvir, Shahid, Abdul, Abdar, Moloud, Basiri, Mohammad Ehsan and Zhou, Xujuan. 2020. "A comprehensive analysis of adverb types for mining user sentiments on Amazon product reviews." World Wide Web. 23 (3), pp. 1811-1829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-020-00785-z
Improving Sentiment Polarity Detection Through Target Identification
Basiri, Mohammad Ehsan, Abdar, Moloud, Kabiri, Arman, Nemati, Shahla, Zhou, Xujuan, Allahbakhshi, Forough and Yen, Neil Y.. 2020. "Improving Sentiment Polarity Detection Through Target Identification." IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems. 7 (1), pp. 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2019.2951326
Hybrid particle swarm optimization for rule discovery in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Zomorodi-Moghadam, Mariam, Abdar, Moloud, Davarzani, Zohreh, Zhou, Xujuan, Pławiak, Pawel and Acharya, U. Rajendra. 2021. "Hybrid particle swarm optimization for rule discovery in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease." Expert Systems: the journal of knowledge engineering. 38 (1), pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12485
Insights into relevant knowledge extraction techniques: a comprehensive review
Shahid, Abdul, Afzal, Muhammad Tanvir, Abdar, Moloud, Basiri, Mohammad Ehsan, Zhou, Xujuan, Yen, Neil Y. and Chang, Jia‑Wei. 2020. "Insights into relevant knowledge extraction techniques: a comprehensive review." Journal of Supercomputing. 76 (3), pp. 1695-1733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03009-y
Simulation study on passive buildings’ demand incentive based on evolutionary game
Liu, Kai, Zhou, Hongmin, Kou, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Jiabao, Zhou, Xujuan and Zhang, Xiantang. 2019. "Simulation study on passive buildings’ demand incentive based on evolutionary game." Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems. 37, pp. 3163-3174. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-179118
Deep learning model for detection of pain intensity from facial expression
Soar, Jeffrey, Bargshady, Ghazal, Zhou, Xujuan and Whittaker, Frank. 2018. "Deep learning model for detection of pain intensity from facial expression." Mokhtari, Mounir, Abdulrazak, Bessam and Aloulou, Hamdi (ed.) 16th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics: Designing a Better Future: Urban Assisted Living (ICOST 2018). Singapore 10 - 12 Jul 2018 Cham, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94523-1_22
A novel framework for distress detection through an automated speech processing system
Rana, Rajib, Gururajan, Raj, Mackenzie, Geraldine, Dunn, Jeff, Gray, Anthony, Zhou, Xujuan, Barua, Prabal Datta, Epps, Julien and Humphris, Gerald Michael. 2018. "A novel framework for distress detection through an automated speech processing system." 2018 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2018). Santiago, Chile 03 - 06 Dec 2018 Los Alamitos, CA, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/WI.2018.00-29
Determination of factors influencing student engagement using a learning management system in a tertiary setting
Barua, Prabal Datta, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj and Chan, Ka C.. 2018. "Determination of factors influencing student engagement using a learning management system in a tertiary setting." 2018 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2018). Santiago, Chile 03 - 06 Dec 2018 Los Alamitos, CA, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/WI.2018.00-30
A new nested ensemble technique for automated diagnosis of breast cancer
Abdar, Moloud, Zomorodi-Moghadam, Mariam, Zhou, Xujuan, Gururajan, Raj, Tao, Xiaohui, Barua, Prabal D. and Gururajan, Rashmi. 2020. "A new nested ensemble technique for automated diagnosis of breast cancer." Pattern Recognition Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.11.004
A joint deep neural network model for pain recognition from face
Bargshady, Ghazal, Soar, Jeffrey, Zhou, Xujuan, Deo, Ravinesh, Whittaker, Frank and Wang, Hua. 2019. "A joint deep neural network model for pain recognition from face." 4th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS 2019). Singapore 23 - 25 Feb 2019 Singapore. pp. 52-56 https://doi.org/10.1109/CCOMS.2019.8821779
Factors impacting employee engagement on enterprise social media
Sankaran, Prema, Bheeman, Sankaran, Priya, K. Hari, Zhou, Xujuan and Gururajan, Raj. 2017. "Factors impacting employee engagement on enterprise social media." 2017 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2017). Leipzig, Germany 23 - 26 Aug 2017 New York, United States. https://doi.org/10.1145/3106426.3115865
A Cross - layer Optimization of Video Transmission Based on Packet Loss Rate in 802.11e Wireless Networks
Zhou, Xujuan, Soar, Jeffrey, Gururajan, Raj, Wu, Zhangguang and Wu, Weimin. 2017. "A Cross - layer Optimization of Video Transmission Based on Packet Loss Rate in 802.11e Wireless Networks." 2017 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2017). Leipzig, Germany 23 - 26 Aug 2017 United States. https://doi.org/10.1145/3106426.3109445
Coupling topic modelling in opinion mining for social media analysis
Zhou, Xujuan, Tao, Xiaohui, Rahman, Md Mostafijur and Zhang, Ji. 2017. "Coupling topic modelling in opinion mining for social media analysis." 2017 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2017). Leipzig, Germany 23 - 26 Aug 2017 New York, United States. https://doi.org/10.1145/3106426.3106459
Filtering and sophisticated data processing for web information gathering
Li, Yuefeng, Zhong, Ning, Zhou, Xujuan and Wu, Sheng-Tang. 2007. "Filtering and sophisticated data processing for web information gathering." Kryszkiewicz, M. (ed.) 2007 International Conference on Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems Paradigms (RSEISP 2007). Warsaw, Poland 28 - 30 Jun 2007 Berlin, Germany.
Integration of information filtering and data mining process for web information retrieval
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter and Xu, Yue. 2007. "Integration of information filtering and data mining process for web information retrieval." Spink, Amanda, Turpin, Andrew and Wu, Mingfang (ed.) 12th Australasian Document Computing Symposium (ADCS 2007). Melbourne, Australia 10 Dec 2007 Melbourne, Australia.
Towards context-sensitive domain ontology extraction
Lau, Raymond Y. K., Hao, Jin Xing, Tang, Maolin and Zhou, Xujuan. 2007. "Towards context-sensitive domain ontology extraction." 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS40). Hawaii, United States 03 - 06 Jan 2007 Los Alamitos, CA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2007.570
Two-stage model for information filtering
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond Y. K.. 2008. "Two-stage model for information filtering." 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT 2008). Sydney, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2008 Sydney, NSW, Australia. https://doi.org/10.1109/WIIAT.2008.390
Pattern taxonomy mining for information filtering
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond Y. K.. 2008. "Pattern taxonomy mining for information filtering." Wobcke, W. and Zhang, M. (ed.) AI 2008: 21st Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence . Auckland, New Zealand 01 - 05 Dec 2008 Berlin, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89378-3_42
Rough sets based reasoning and pattern mining for a two-stage information filtering system
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymaon Y. K.. 2010. "Rough sets based reasoning and pattern mining for a two-stage information filtering system." 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2010). Toronto, Canada 26 - 30 Oct 2010 New York, NY. United States. https://doi.org/10.1145/1871437.1871639
Sequential pattern mining and nonmonotonic reasoning for intelligent information agents
Lau, Raymond Y. K., Li, Yuefeng, Wu, Sheng-Tang and Zhou, Xujuan. 2007. "Sequential pattern mining and nonmonotonic reasoning for intelligent information agents." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. 21 (4), pp. 773-789. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218001407005673
Pattern mining for a two-stage information filtering system
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond Y. K.. 2011. "Pattern mining for a two-stage information filtering system." Huang , J.Z., Cao, L. and Srivastava , J. (ed.) 15th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2011). Shenzhen, China 24 - 27 May 2011 Germany. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20841-6_30
Sentiment analysis for depression detection on social networks
Tao, Xiaohui, Zhou, Xujuan, Zhang, Ji and Yong, Jianming. 2016. "Sentiment analysis for depression detection on social networks." Li, Jinyan, Li, Xue, Wang, Xue, Li, Jianxin and Sheng, Quan Z. (ed.) 12th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (ADMA 2016). Gold Coast, QLD, Australia 12 - 15 Dec 2016 Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49586-6_59
A two-stage information filtering based on rough decision rule and pattern mining
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond. 2010. "A two-stage information filtering based on rough decision rule and pattern mining." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence. 2 (4), pp. 326-332. https://doi.org/10.4304/jetwi.2.4.326-332
Software development for managing nutrition intake for Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Krishnan, Dharini, Zhou, Xujuan, Chakraborty, Subrata, Gururajan, Rashmi and Gururajan, Raj. 2016. "Software development for managing nutrition intake for Type II Diabetes Mellitus." 10th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Application (SKIMA 2016). Chengdu, China 15 - 17 Dec 2016 China.
Objective Analysis of Marker Bias in Higher Education
Chakraborty, Subrata, Zhou, Susan, Hafeez-Baig, Abdul, Gururajan, Raj, Paul, Manoranjan, Mandal, Anuradha, Chacko, Anila Elizabeth and Barua, Prabal D.. 2017. "Objective Analysis of Marker Bias in Higher Education." 5th IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE 2016). Bangkok, Thailand 07 - 09 Dec 2016 Piscataway, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE.2016.7851839
Financial competing interests were associated with favorable conclusions and greater author productivity in nonsystematic reviews of neuraminidase inhibitors
Dunn, Adam G., Zhou, Xujuan, Hudgins, Joel, Arachi, Diana, Mandl, Kenneth D., Coiera, Enrico and Bourgeois, Florence T.. 2016. "Financial competing interests were associated with favorable conclusions and greater author productivity in nonsystematic reviews of neuraminidase inhibitors." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 80, pp. 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.010
A two-stage text mining model for information filtering
Li, Yuefeng, Zhou, Xujuan, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond Y.K.. 2008. "A two-stage text mining model for information filtering." CIKM 2008: ACM 17th Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Napa Valley, United States 26 - 30 Oct 2008 New York, United States. https://doi.org/10.1145/1458082.1458218
Relevance assessment of topic ontology
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond. 2006. "Relevance assessment of topic ontology ." 4th International Conference on Active Media Technology (AMT 2006). Brisbane, Australia 07 - 09 Jun 2006
Using information filtering in web data mining process
Zhou, Xujuan, Li, Yuefeng, Bruza, Peter, Wu, Sheng-Tang, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond Y. K.. 2007. "Using information filtering in web data mining process." 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence. Fremont, United States of America 02 - 05 Nov 2007 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/WI.2007.24
Utilizing search intent in topic ontology-based user profile for web mining
Zhou, Xujuan, Wu, Sheng-Tang, Li, Yuefeng, Xu, Yue, Lau, Raymond Y.K. and Bruza, Peter D.. 2006. "Utilizing search intent in topic ontology-based user profile for web mining ." IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferenceon Web Intelligence (WI'06). Hong Kong, China 18 - 22 Dec 2006 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/WI.2006.186
A two-stage decision model for information filtering
Li, Yuefeng, Zhou, Xujuan, Bruza, Peter, Xu, Yue and Lau, Raymond Y.K.. 2012. "A two-stage decision model for information filtering." Decision Support Systems. 52 (3), pp. 706-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.11.005
The state-of-the-art in personalized recommender systems for social networking
Zhou, Xujuan, Xu, Yue, Li, Yuefeng, Audun, Josang and Cox, Clive. 2012. "The state-of-the-art in personalized recommender systems for social networking." Artificial Intelligence Review. 37 (2), pp. 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-011-9222-1
Citations alone were enough to predict favorable conclusions in reviews of neuraminidase inhibitors
Zhou, Xujuan, Wang, Ying, Tsafnat, Guy, Coiera, Enrico, Bourgeois, Florence T. and Dunn, Adam G.. 2015. "Citations alone were enough to predict favorable conclusions in reviews of neuraminidase inhibitors ." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 68 (1), pp. 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.014
Associations between exposure to and expression of negative opinions about Human Papillomavirus vaccines on social media: an observational study
Dunn, Adam G., Leask, Julie, Zhou, Xujuan, Mandl, Kenneth D. and Coiera, Enrico. 2015. "Associations between exposure to and expression of negative opinions about Human Papillomavirus vaccines on social media: an observational study." Journal of Medical Internet Research. 17 (6), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4343
Using social connection information to improve opinion mining: Identifying negative sentiment about HPV vaccines on Twitter
Zhou, Xujuan, Coiera, Enrico, Tsafnat, Guy, Arachi, Diana, Ong, Mei-Sing and Dunn, Adam G.. 2015. "Using social connection information to improve opinion mining: Identifying negative sentiment about HPV vaccines on Twitter." Sarkar, Indra Neil, Georgiou, Andrew and Marqes, Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo (ed.) 15th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics (MEDINFO 2015). São Paulo, Brazil 19 - 23 Aug 2015 Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-564-7-761
Sentiment Analysis on Tweets for Social Events
Zhou, Xujuan, Tao, Xiaohui, Yong, Jianming and Yang, Zhenyu. 2013. "Sentiment Analysis on Tweets for Social Events." Shen, Weiming, Li, Weidong, Barthes, Jean-Paul, Luo, Junzhou, Zhu, Haibin, Yong, Jianming and Li, Xiaoping (ed.) IEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD 2013). Whistler, Canada 27 - 29 Jun 2013 United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCWD.2013.6581022
Personalised information gathering and recommender systems: techniques and trends
Tao, Xiaohui, Zhou, Xujuan, Lau, Cher Han and Li, Yuefeng. 2013. "Personalised information gathering and recommender systems: techniques and trends." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems. 13 (1-3), pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4108/trans.sis.2013.01-03.e4