An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing
Article
Article Title | An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing |
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ERA Journal ID | 1057 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Sahu, Kailash C., Anderson, Jay, Casertano, Stefano, Bond, Howard E., Udalski, Andrzej, Dominik, Martin, Calamida, Annalisa, Bellini, Andrea, Brown, Thomas M., Rejkuba, Marina, Bajaj, Varun, Kains, Noé, Ferguson, Henry C., Fryer, Chris L., Yock, Philip, Mróz, Przemek, Kozłowski, Szymon, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Poleski, Radek, Skowron, Jan, Soszyński, Igor, Szymański, Michał K., Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Wyrzykowski, Łukasz, Barry, Richard K., Bennett, David P., Bond, Ian A., Hirao, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Kondo, Iona, Koshimoto, Naoki, Ranc, Clément, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, Marquette, Jean-Baptiste, Cole, Andrew, Fouque, Pascal, Hill, Kym, Dieters, Stefan, Coutures, Christian, Dominis-Prester, Dijana, Bennett, Clara, Bachelet, Etienne, Menzie, John, Albrow, Michael, Pollard, Karen, Gould, Andrew, Ye, Jennifer C., Allen, William, Almeida, Leonardo A., Christie, Grant, Drummond, John, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gorbikov, Evgeny, Jablonski, Francisco, Lee, Chung-Uk, Maoz, Dan, Manuli, Ilan, McCormick, Jennie, Natusch, Tim, Pogge, Richard W., Shvartzvald, Yossi, Jørgensen, Uffe G., Alsubai, Khalid A., Andersen, Michael I., Bozza, V., Calchi Novati, Sebastiano, Burgdorf, Martin, Hinse, Tobias C., Hundertmark, Markus, Husser, Tim-Oliver, Kerins, Eamonn, Longa-Peña, Penelope, Mancini, Luigi, Penny, Matthew, Rahvar, Sohrab, Ricci, Davide, Sajadian, Sedighe, Skottfelt, Jesper, Snodgrass, Colin, Southworth, John, Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy, Wambsganss, Joachim, Wertz, Olivier, Tsapras, Yiannis, Street, Rachel A., Bramich, D. M., Horne, Keith and Steele, Iain A. |
Journal Title | The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics |
Journal Citation | 933 (1) |
Article Number | 83 |
Number of Pages | 28 |
Year | 2022 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0004-637X |
1538-4357 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e |
Web Address (URL) | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e |
Abstract | We report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (tE ≃ 270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (hereafter designated as MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462), in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of 6 yr, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462 shows a parallactic signature of the effect of Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 ± 1.3 M⊙ and a distance of 1.58 ± 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of ∼45 km s−1, suggesting that the BH received a "natal kick" from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique. |
Keywords | Black Hole; Hubble Space Telescope |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 5101. Astronomical sciences |
Byline Affiliations | Space Telescope Science Institute, United States |
Pennsylvania State University, United States | |
University of Warsaw, Poland | |
University of St Andrews, United Kingdom | |
European Southern Observatory (ESO), Germany | |
Columbia University, United States | |
Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States | |
University of Auckland, New Zealand | |
University of Warwick, United Kingdom | |
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States | |
University of Maryland, United States | |
Massey University, New Zealand | |
Osaka University, Japan | |
Catholic University of America, United States | |
Astronomical Calculation Institute, Germany | |
University of Canterbury, New Zealand | |
University of Tasmania | |
Sorbonne University, France | |
University of Bordeaux, France | |
University of Toulouse, France | |
University of Rijeka, Croatia | |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States | |
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, United States | |
South African Astronomical Observatory, South Africa | |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Germany | |
Ohio University, United States | |
Center for Astrophysics Harvard and Smithsonian, United States | |
Vintage Lane Observatory, New Zealand | |
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | |
Auckland Observatory, New Zealand | |
Possum Observatory, New Zealand | |
Centre for Astrophysics | |
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel | |
Tel Aviv University, Israel | |
National Institute for Space Research, Brazil | |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Korea | |
Centre for Backyard Astrophysics, New Zealand | |
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand | |
University of Copenhagen, Denmark | |
Qatar Foundation | |
University of Salerno, Italy | |
National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Italy | |
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), United States | |
University of Hamburg, Germany | |
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland | |
Chungnam National University, Korea | |
Heidelberg University, Germany | |
Georg August University of Gottingen, Germany | |
University of Manchester, United Kingdom | |
University of Antofagasta, Chile | |
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy | |
INAF - Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, Italy | |
Louisiana State University, United States | |
Sharif University of Technology, Iran | |
INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Italy | |
Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | |
Open University, United Kingdom | |
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom | |
Keele University, United Kingdom | |
University of Atacama, Chile | |
University of Liege, Belgium | |
New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE | |
Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z02q3/an-isolated-stellar-mass-black-hole-detected-through-astrometric-microlensing
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