Roots’ Drought Adaptive Traits in Crop Improvement

Article

Shoaib, Mirza, Banerjee, Bikram P., Hayden, Matthew and Kant, Surya. 2022. "Roots’ Drought Adaptive Traits in Crop Improvement." Plants. 11 (17). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172256
Article Title

Roots’ Drought Adaptive Traits in Crop Improvement

ERA Journal ID213962
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsShoaib, Mirza, Banerjee, Bikram P., Hayden, Matthew and Kant, Surya
Journal TitlePlants
Journal Citation11 (17)
Article Number2256
Number of Pages20
Year2022
PublisherMDPI AG
Place of PublicationSwitzerland
ISSN2223-7747
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172256
Web Address (URL)https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/17/2256
Abstract

Drought is one of the biggest concerns in agriculture due to the projected reduction of global freshwater supply with a concurrent increase in global food demand. Roots can significantly contribute to improving drought adaptation and productivity. Plants increase water uptake by adjusting root architecture and cooperating with symbiotic soil microbes. Thus, emphasis has been given to root architectural responses and root–microbe relationships in drought-resilient crop development. However, root responses to drought adaptation are continuous and complex processes and involve additional root traits and interactions among themselves. This review comprehensively compiles and discusses several of these root traits such as structural, physiological, molecular, hydraulic, anatomical, and plasticity, which are important to consider together, with architectural changes, when developing drought resilient crop varieties. In addition, it describes the significance of root contribution in improving soil structure and water holding capacity and its implication on long-term resilience to drought. In addition, various drought adaptive root ideotypes of monocot and dicot crops are compared and proposed for given agroclimatic conditions. Overall, this review provides a broader perspective of understanding root structural, physiological, and molecular regulators, and describes the considerations for simultaneously integrating multiple traits for drought tolerance and crop improvement, under specific growing environments.

Keywordsdrought resilience; root exudates; root hydraulics; root ideotype; root plasticity; root shoot interaction; root system architecture; soil carbon; soil microbes
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300206. Agricultural spatial analysis and modelling
300409. Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)
Byline AffiliationsAgriculture Victoria
La Trobe University
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