The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). A parsec-scale multi-phase outflow in the super-Eddington NLS1 Mrk 1044

Article


Winkel, N., Husemann, B., Singha, M., Bennert, V., Combes, F., Davis, T. A., Gaspari, M., Jahnke, K., McElroy, R., O'Dea, C. P. and Pérez-Torres, M. A.. 2023. "The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). A parsec-scale multi-phase outflow in the super-Eddington NLS1 Mrk 1044." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 670. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244630
Article Title

The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). A parsec-scale multi-phase outflow in the super-Eddington NLS1 Mrk 1044

ERA Journal ID1050
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsWinkel, N., Husemann, B., Singha, M., Bennert, V., Combes, F., Davis, T. A., Gaspari, M., Jahnke, K., McElroy, R., O'Dea, C. P. and Pérez-Torres, M. A.
Journal TitleAstronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal
Journal Citation670
Article NumberA3
Number of Pages17
Year2023
PublisherEDP Sciences
Place of PublicationFrance
ISSN0004-6361
1432-0746
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244630
Web Address (URL)https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/02/aa44630-22/aa44630-22.html
Abstract

Context. The interaction between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their host galaxies is scarcely resolved. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are believed to represent AGN at early stages of their evolution and to allow one to observe feeding and feedback processes at high black hole accretion rates.

Aims. We aim to constrain the properties of the ionised gas outflow in Mrk 1044, a nearby super-Eddington accreting NLS1. Based on the outflow energetics and the associated timescales, we estimate the outflow’s future impact on the ongoing host galaxy star formation on different spatial scales.

Methods. We applied a spectroastrometric analysis to observations of Mrk 1044’s nucleus obtained with the adaptive-optics-assisted narrow field mode of the VLT/MUSE instrument. This allowed us to map two ionised gas outflows traced by [O III], which have velocities of −560 ± 20 km s−1 and −144 ± 5 km s−1. Furthermore, we used an archival spectrum from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on HST to identify two Ly-α absorbing components that escape from the centre with approximately twice the velocity of the ionised gas components.

Results. Both [O III] outflows are spatially unresolved and located close to the AGN (< 1 pc). They have gas densities higher than 105 cm−3, which implies that the BPT diagnostic cannot be used to constrain the underlying ionisation mechanism. We explore whether an expanding shell model can describe the velocity structure of Mrk 1044’s multi-phase outflow. In the ionised gas emission, an additional outflowing component, which is spatially resolved, is present. It has a velocity of −211 ± 22 km s−1 and a projected size of 4.6 ± 0.6 pc. Our kinematic analysis suggests that significant turbulence is present in the interstellar medium around the nucleus, which may lead to a condensation rain, potentially explaining the efficient feeding of Mrk 1044’s AGN. Within the innermost 0.5″ (160 pc), we detect modest star formation hidden by the beam-smeared emission from the outflow.

Conclusions. We estimate that the multi-phase outflow was launched < 104 yr ago. Together with the star formation in the vicinity of the nucleus, this suggests that Mrk 1044’s AGN phase started only recently. The outflow carries enough mass and energy to impact the host galaxy star formation on different spatial scales, highlighting the complexity of the AGN feeding and feedback cycle in its early stages.

Keywordsgalaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: active;
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020510102. Astronomical instrumentation
Byline AffiliationsMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Germany
University of Manitoba, Canada
California Polytechnic State University, United States
Sorbonne University, France
Cardiff University, United Kingdom
Princeton University, United States
School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia, Spain
University of Zaragoza, Spain
University of Cyprus, Cyprus
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Husemann, Bernd, Tremblay, Grant, Davis, Timothy, Busch, Gerold, McElroy, Rebecca, Neumann, Justus, Urrutia, Tanya, Krumpe, Mirko, Scharwächter, Julia, Powell, Meredith, Pérez-Torres, Miguel Perez-Torres and CARS Team. 2017. "The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)." The Messenger. 169, pp. 42-47. https://doi.org/10.18727/0722-6691/5038
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Hampton, E. J., Medling, A. M., Groves, B., Kewley, L., Dopita, M., Davies, R., Ho, I. -T., Kaasinen, M., Leslie, S., Sharp, R., Sweet, S. M., Thomas, A. D., Allen, J., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Brough, S., Bryant, J. J., Croom, S., Goodwin, M., Green, A., ..., Shastri, P.. 2017. "Using an artificial neural network to classify multicomponent emission lines with integral field spectroscopy from SAMI and S7." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (3), pp. 3395-3416. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1413
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). Mrk 1018 halts dimming and experiences strong short-term variability
Krumpe, M., Husemann, B., Tremblay, G.R., Urrutia, T., Powell, M., Davis, T.A., Scharwächter, J., Dexter, J., Busch, G., Combes, F., Croom, S. M., Eckart, A., McElroy, R. E., Pérez-Torres, M. and Leung, G.. 2017. "The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). Mrk 1018 halts dimming and experiences strong short-term variability." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 607. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731967
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the low-redshift stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation
Bloom, J. V., Croom, S. M., Bryant, J. J., Callingham, J. R., Schaefer, A. L., Cortese, L., Hopkins, A. M., D'Eugenio, F., Scott, N., Glazebrook, K., Tonini, C., McElroy, R. E., Clark, H.A., Catinella, B., Allen, J.T., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Goodwin, M., Green, A.W., Konstantopoulos, I.S., ..., Sharp, R.. 2017. "The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the low-redshift stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 472 (2), pp. 1809-1824. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1701
Host galaxies of luminous type II AGN: Winds, shocks, and comparisons to The SAMI Galaxy Survey
McElroy, Rebecca, Croom, Scott and Pracy, Michael. 2016. "Host galaxies of luminous type II AGN: Winds, shocks, and comparisons to The SAMI Galaxy Survey." 227th American Astronomical Society Meeting. Kissimmee, FL, United States 04 - 08 Jan 2016 United States.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). Mrk 1018 returns to the shadows after 30 years as a Seyfert 1
McElroy, R. E., Husemann, B., Croom, S., Davis, T.A., Bennert, V., Busch, G., Combes, F., Eckart, A., Pérez-Torres, M., Powell, M., Scharwächter, J., Tremblay, G.R. and Urrutia, T.. 2016. "The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). Mrk 1018 returns to the shadows after 30 years as a Seyfert 1." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 593, p. L8. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629102
Catching a Changing Look Quasar as it undergoes significant changes in accretion rate
Krumpe, Mirko, Croom, Scott, Davis, Timothy Andrew, Husemann, Bernd, McElroy, Rebecca, Tremblay, Grant R. and Urrutia, Tanya. 2016. Catching a Changing Look Quasar as it undergoes significant changes in accretion rate.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). What is causing Mrk 1018's return to the shadows after 30 years?
Husemann, B., Urrutia, T., Tremblay, G.R., Krumpe, M., Dexter, J., Busch, G., Combes, F., Croom, S. M., Davis, T.A., Eckart, A., McElroy, R. E., Pérez-Torres, M., Powell, T.M. and Scharwächter, J.. 2016. "The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). What is causing Mrk 1018's return to the shadows after 30 years?" Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 593, p. L9. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629245
IFU observations of luminous type II AGN - I. Evidence for ubiquitous winds
McElroy, Rebecca, Croom, Scott M., Pracy, Michael, Sharp, Rob, Ho, I-Ting and Medling, Anne M.. 2015. "IFU observations of luminous type II AGN - I. Evidence for ubiquitous winds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (2), pp. 2186-2204. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2224
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: cubism and covariance, putting round pegs into square holes
Sharp, R., Allen, J. T., Fogarty, L. M. R., Croom, S. M., Cortese, L., Green, A. W., Nielsen, J., Richards, S. N., Scott, N., Taylor, E. N., Barnes, L. A., Barnes, A. E., Birchall, M., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bloom, J. V., Brough, S., Bryant, J. J., Cecil, G. N., Colless, M., ..., Walcher, C. J.. 2015. "The SAMI Galaxy Survey: cubism and covariance, putting round pegs into square holes." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (2), pp. 1551-1566. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2055
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Early Data Release
Allen, J. T., Croom, S. M., Konstantopoulos, I. S., Bryant, J. J., Sharp, R., Cecil, G. N., Fogarty, L. M. R., Foster, C., Green, A. W., Ho, I. -T., Owers, M. S., Schaefer, A. L., Scott, N., Bauer, A. E., Baldry, I., Barnes, L. A., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bloom, J. V., Brough, S., ..., Walcher, C. J.. 2015. "The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Early Data Release." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (2), pp. 1567-1583. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2057
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: instrument specification and target selection
Bryant, J. J., Owers, M. S., Robotham, A. S. G., Croom, S. M., Driver, S. P., Drinkwater, M. J., Lorente, N. P. F., Cortese, L., Scott, N., Colless, M., Schaefer, A., Taylor, E. N., Konstantopoulos, I. S., Allen, J. T., Baldry, I., Barnes, L., Bauer, A. E., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bloom, J. V., ..., Walcher, C. J.. 2015. "The SAMI Galaxy Survey: instrument specification and target selection." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (3), pp. 2857-2879. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2635
VizieR Online Data Catalog: SAMI Galaxy Survey: EDR (Allen+, 2015)
Allen, J. T., Croom, S. M., Konstantopoulos, I. S., Bryant, J. J., Sharp, R., Cecil, G. N., Fogarty, L. M. R., Foster, C., Green, A. W., Ho, I. -T., Owers, M. S., Schaefer, A. L., Scott, N., Bauer, A. E., Baldry, I., Barnes, L. A., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bloom, J. V., Brough, S., ..., Walcher, C. J.. 2015. VizieR Online Data Catalog: SAMI Galaxy Survey: EDR (Allen+, 2015) . University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.26192/z75x4