Assessment of the health risk and geo-accumulation of toxic metals in agricultural soil and wheat, northern Iran
Article
Zafarzadeh, Ali, Taghani, Jomeh Mohammad, Toomaj, Mohammad Amin, Ramavandi, Bahman, Bonyadi, Ziaeddin and Sillanpää, Mika. 2021. "Assessment of the health risk and geo-accumulation of toxic metals in agricultural soil and wheat, northern Iran." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 193 (11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09530-z
| Article Title | Assessment of the health risk and geo-accumulation of toxic metals in agricultural soil and wheat, northern Iran |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 5880 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Zafarzadeh, Ali, Taghani, Jomeh Mohammad, Toomaj, Mohammad Amin, Ramavandi, Bahman, Bonyadi, Ziaeddin and Sillanpää, Mika |
| Journal Title | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |
| Journal Citation | 193 (11) |
| Article Number | 750 |
| Number of Pages | 10 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Place of Publication | Netherlands |
| ISSN | 0167-6369 |
| 1573-2959 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09530-z |
| Web Address (URL) | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-021-09530-z |
| Abstract | The current work was conducted to study the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in farming soil and wheat and compute their geological and health indexes, including geo-accumulation index (Igeo), chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard index (HI), hazard quotient (HQ), and cancer risk (CR). In general, 256 samples were collected from agriculture soil (AS) and wheat in Kalaleh and Aq Qala areas, northern Iran. The average rates of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were detected to be 0.28, 25.24, 15.44, and 60.33 mg·kg−1, respectively, for AS and 0.01, 8.85, 0.73, and 33.81 mg·kg−1 for wheat, respectively. Based on the results, the HQ and HI levels for investigated HMs were lower than l. So, the health risk of HMs exposure for adults and children was low. CR levels for Pb in AS for both children and adults were observed greater than the threshold value. Accordingly, lead-contaminated soil will be carcinogenic if ingested by children. On the other hand, the exposure to Pb (through wheat) and Cd (through both soil and wheat) had the acceptable CR level for all groups. As a result, for an extended period, there are no significant health consequences for children and adults. |
| Keywords | Heavy metals; Health risk assessment; Wheat; Agriculture soil |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 410402. Environmental assessment and monitoring |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | Golestan University, Iran |
| School of Engineering | |
| Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran | |
| Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran | |
| Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam |
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