How safe is a place in the shade?

Newspaper

Turnbull, David J.. 2004. "How safe is a place in the shade?" Campus Review. 14 (12), p. 9.
Article Title

How safe is a place in the shade?

Article CategoryNewspaper
Authors
AuthorTurnbull, David J.
Publication TitleCampus Review
Journal Citation14 (12), p. 9
Number of Pages1
Year2004
Place of PublicationAustralia
Web Address (URL)http://www.campusreview.com.au/
Abstract

Australia has the unenviable reputation of having one of the highest rates of mortality for skin cancer in the world. Skin cancer has been linked to excessive and repeated exposures to solar UV radiation, and causes more than 1000 deaths in Australia each year, with the majority of these being preventable. The role that solar UV radiation plays in the welfare of human beings is both good and bad, from helping bones absorb calcium more efficiently to the genesis of fatal skin cancers. As the public’s understanding of the damaging effects associated with over-exposure to UV radiation increases, shaded environments will be sought to reduce personal UV exposure.

A common misconception is that shade protects the human body against all ultraviolet radiation. While direct UV from the Sun is reflected or absorbed by the shade structure, the diffuse UV component is still present in the shade. Scattering of UV radiation by the atmosphere and the ground cover are the main causes of the diffuse UV. Over-exposure to this diffuse UV radiation may cause a number of conditions, particularly sunburn and eye damage.

KeywordsAustralia, skin cancer, solar UV radiation, untraviolet radiation,shade, shade structures, protection, effectiveness
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020370199. Atmospheric sciences not elsewhere classified
350505. Occupational and workplace health and safety
370106. Atmospheric radiation
Public Notes

Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions.

Byline AffiliationsCentre for Astronomy, Solar Radiation and Climate
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/9xw1v/how-safe-is-a-place-in-the-shade

Log in to edit

Download files

Other Documentation
Turnbull_Publ._copyright_restrictions_(Journal_article).pdf
File access level: Anyone

  • 1977
    total views
  • 80
    total downloads
  • 6
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Shade provision for UV minimization: a review
Parisi, Alfio V. and Turnbull, David J.. 2014. "Shade provision for UV minimization: a review." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 90 (3), pp. 479-490. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12237
Dosimetric investigation of the solar erythemal UV radiation protection provided by beards and moustaches
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J., Downs, N. and Smith, D.. 2012. "Dosimetric investigation of the solar erythemal UV radiation protection provided by beards and moustaches." Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 150 (3), pp. 278-282. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr418
Influence of high levels of cloud cover on vitamin D effective and erythemal solar UV irradiances
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2012. "Influence of high levels of cloud cover on vitamin D effective and erythemal solar UV irradiances." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 11 (12), pp. 1855-1859. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2pp25160d
Potential dosemeter for quantifying biologically effective blue light exposures
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2012. "Potential dosemeter for quantifying biologically effective blue light exposures." Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 149 (3), pp. 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr251
Comparison of the solar spectral ultraviolet irradiance in motor vehicles with windows in an open and closed position
Kimlin, Michael G., Parisi, Alfio, Carter, Brad D. and Turnbull, David J.. 2002. "Comparison of the solar spectral ultraviolet irradiance in motor vehicles with windows in an open and closed position." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 46 (3), pp. 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-002-0131-5
Scattered UV radiation, shade structures and Vitamin D
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2007. "Scattered UV radiation, shade structures and Vitamin D." 12th Congress of the European Society for Photobiology. Bath, England 01 - 06 Sep 2007 England.
Utilising polyphenylene oxide for long term solar UVA dosimetry
Turnbull, David J. and Schouten, Peter. 2007. "Utilising polyphenylene oxide for long term solar UVA dosimetry." 12th Congress of the European Society for Photobiology. Bath, England 01 - 06 Sep 2007 Bath, England.
Influence of solar UVA on erythemal irradiances
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Kimlin, Michael G.. 2006. "Influence of solar UVA on erythemal irradiances." Physics in Medicine and Biology. 51, pp. 3241-3249. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/12/016
Spectral shade ratios on horizontal and sun normal surfaces for single trees and relatively cloud free sky
Parisi, Alfio, Kimlin, Michael G. and Turnbull, David J.. 2001. "Spectral shade ratios on horizontal and sun normal surfaces for single trees and relatively cloud free sky." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 65 (2-3), pp. 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00258-5
Comparison between seasons of the ultraviolet environment in the shade of trees in Australia
Parisi, A. V., Wong, J. C. F., Kimlin, M. G., Turnbull, D. and Lester, R.. 2001. "Comparison between seasons of the ultraviolet environment in the shade of trees in Australia." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine. 17 (2), pp. 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.017002055.x
Potential of phenothiazine as a thin film dosimeter for UV-A exposures
Parisi, Alfio, Kimlin, Michael G., Turnbull, David J. and Macaranas, J.. 2005. "Potential of phenothiazine as a thin film dosimeter for UV-A exposures." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 4 (11), pp. 907-910. https://doi.org/10.1039/b508553e
Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing and sitting postures
Parisi, Alfio, Kimlin, Michael G., Lester, Rick A. and Turnbull, David J.. 2003. "Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing and sitting postures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 69 (1), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(02)00385-8
Effective shade structures
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2006. "Effective shade structures." Medical Journal of Australia. 184 (1), pp. 13-15.
Spectral UV in public shade settings
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2003. "Spectral UV in public shade settings." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 69 (1), pp. 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(02)00387-1
Diffuse solar ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, Alfio and Turnbull, David J.. 2005. "Diffuse solar ultraviolet radiation." International Ophthalmology Clinics. 45 (1), pp. 19-27.
Seasonal variation of facial UV exposures in the shade
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2011. "Seasonal variation of facial UV exposures in the shade." Household and Personal Care Today.
Chemical films and monolayers on the water surface and their interactions with ultraviolet radiation: a pilot investigation
Schouten, Peter, Lemckert, Charles, Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio, Downs, Nathan, Underhill, Ian and Turner, Geoff. 2011. "Chemical films and monolayers on the water surface and their interactions with ultraviolet radiation: a pilot investigation." Measurement Science and Technology. 22 (6), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/22/6/065703
Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter, Turnbull, David J., Turner, Joanna and Downs, Nathan. 2010. "Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation." Tuncer, A. Murat (ed.) Cancer report 2010. Ankara, Turkey. New Hope in Health Foundation.
Lawn bowls and solar ultraviolet radiation in Australia: exposures, risks and potential benefits for the production of vitamin D
Downs, Nathan, Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Lawn bowls and solar ultraviolet radiation in Australia: exposures, risks and potential benefits for the production of vitamin D." AHMR 2010: 5th Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Melbourne, Australia 14 - 18 Nov 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different environments
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J., Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Techniques for solar dosimetry in different environments." Gao, Wei, Schmoldt, Daniel L. and Slusser, James R. (ed.) UV radiation in global climate change: measurements, modeling and effects on ecosystems. Heidelberg, Germany. Springer. pp. 192-204
Vitamin D irradiance in summer shade and sun
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2010. "Vitamin D irradiance in summer shade and sun." Household and Personal Care Today. 5 (3), pp. 4-6.
Beneficial vitamin D3 producing UV compared to damaging overexposure
Turnbull, David and Parisi, Alfio. 2009. Beneficial vitamin D3 producing UV compared to damaging overexposure. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Sun exposure, shade and vitamin D: a practical activity for the Australian climate and curriculum
Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2010. "Sun exposure, shade and vitamin D: a practical activity for the Australian climate and curriculum." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 56 (3), pp. 43-45.
Usage of the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter to measure annual solar erythemal exposures
Schouten, Peter W., Parisi, Alfio V. and Turnbull, David J.. 2010. "Usage of the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter to measure annual solar erythemal exposures." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 86 (3), pp. 706-710. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00720.x
UV dosimeter based on Polyphenylene Oxide for the measurement of UV exposures to plants and humans over extended periods
Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter and Turnbull, David J.. 2010. "UV dosimeter based on Polyphenylene Oxide for the measurement of UV exposures to plants and humans over extended periods." NIWA 2010 UV Workshop: UV Radiation and its Effects - an Update 2010. Queenstown, New Zealand 07 - 09 May 2010 Wellington, New Zealand.
Dosimeter for the measurement of UV exposures related to melanoma induction
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2010. "Dosimeter for the measurement of UV exposures related to melanoma induction." Physics in Medicine and Biology. 55 (13), pp. 3767-3776. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/13/013
Applicability of the polyphenylene oxide film dosimeter to high UV exposures in aquatic environments
Schouten, P. W., Parisi, A. V. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2009. "Applicability of the polyphenylene oxide film dosimeter to high UV exposures in aquatic environments." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 96 (3), pp. 184-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.06.007
Empirical evaluation of global vitamin D effective ultraviolet irradiances under cloudy conditions for a sub-tropical southern hemisphere site
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio V. and Schouten, Peter W.. 2010. "Empirical evaluation of global vitamin D effective ultraviolet irradiances under cloudy conditions for a sub-tropical southern hemisphere site." Radiation Research. 173 (5), pp. 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1667/RR1936.1
Latitudinal variations over Australia of the solar UV exposures for vitamin D3 in shade compared to full sun
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2010. "Latitudinal variations over Australia of the solar UV exposures for vitamin D3 in shade compared to full sun." Radiation Research. 173 (3), pp. 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1667/RR1951.1
Improving the performance of chemical monolayers in reducing farm dam evaporation
Craig, Ian, Schmidt, Erik, Hancock, Nigel, Barnes, Geoff, Turnbull, David J., Pittaway, Pam and Morrison, Pippa. 2006. "Improving the performance of chemical monolayers in reducing farm dam evaporation." 3rd CRC-IF Annual Research Forum. Narrabri, Australia 05 - 06 Dec 2006 Toowoomba, Queensland.
Comparison of biologically effective spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J. and Turner, J.. 2009. "Comparison of biologically effective spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 53 (1), pp. 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-008-0186-z
Dosimeter for the measurement of plant damaging solar UV exposures
Turner, J., Parisi, A. V. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2009. "Dosimeter for the measurement of plant damaging solar UV exposures." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 149 (8), pp. 1301-1306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.002
Using the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter for extended underwater UV measurements
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Downs, Nathan. 2008. "Using the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter for extended underwater UV measurements." 18th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Adelaide, Australia 30 Nov - 05 Dec 2008 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Usage of the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter to measure solar UVB and erythemal UV exposures over extended intervals
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turnbull, David J.. 2008. "Usage of the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter to measure solar UVB and erythemal UV exposures over extended intervals." 2008 Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Brisbane, Australia 16 - 21 Nov 2008 Australia.
Measurement of solar UVB exposures in sea water with a high exposure dosimeter
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turnbull, David J.. 2008. "Measurement of solar UVB exposures in sea water with a high exposure dosimeter." 2008 American Society for Photobiology Symposia. Burlingame, California 20 - 25 Jun 2008 United States.
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J., Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems." 18th International Congress of Biometeorology (ICB2008). Tokyo 22 - 26 Sep 2008 Milwaukee, United States.
Influence of cloud and solar zenith angle on the diffuse solar erythemal UV short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J., de Byl, Chris, Schouten, Peter, Turner, Joanna and Downs, Nathan. 2009. "Influence of cloud and solar zenith angle on the diffuse solar erythemal UV short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths." Radiation Protection in Australasia. 26 (1), pp. 2-9.
Solar ultraviolet protection provided by human head hair
Parisi, Alfio V., Smith, Don, Schouten, Peter and Turnbull, David J.. 2009. "Solar ultraviolet protection provided by human head hair." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 85 (1), pp. 250-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00428.x
Modelling ultraviolet exposures in a school environment
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Turner, Joanna and Turnbull, David. 2008. "Modelling ultraviolet exposures in a school environment." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 7 (6), pp. 700-710. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801685b
Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type
Turner, J., Parisi, A. V. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2008. "Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 92 (1), pp. 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.03.006
Utilising polyphenylene oxide for high exposure solar UVA dosimetry
Turnbull, D. J. and Schouten, P. W.. 2008. "Utilising polyphenylene oxide for high exposure solar UVA dosimetry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 8 (10), pp. 2759-2762.
Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D
Turnbull, D. J. and Parisi, A. V.. 2008. "Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 8 (11), pp. 2841-2846.
Field calibrations of a long-term UV dosimeter for aquatic UVB exposures
Schouten, P. W., Parisi, A. V. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2008. "Field calibrations of a long-term UV dosimeter for aquatic UVB exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 91 (2-3), pp. 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.02.004
Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures
Parisi, A. V., Turner, J., Turnbull, D. J., Schouten, P. and Downs, N.. 2008. "Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 91 (1), pp. 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.01.010
Optimizing solar UV-radiation exposures for vitamin D3: comparing global and diffuse spectral UV radiation
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2008. "Optimizing solar UV-radiation exposures for vitamin D3: comparing global and diffuse spectral UV radiation." Radiation Research. 169 (3), pp. 344-349. https://doi.org/10.1667/RR1136.1
Calculation of cloud modification factors for the horizontal plane eye damaging ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J. and Turner, J.. 2007. "Calculation of cloud modification factors for the horizontal plane eye damaging ultraviolet radiation." Atmospheric Research. 86 (3/4), pp. 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.06.003
Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods
Craig, Ian, Aravinthan, Vasantha, Baillie, Craig Peter, Beswick, Alan, Barnes, Geoff, Bradbury, Ron, Connell, Luke, Cooper, Paul, Fellows, Christopher, Fitzmaurice, Li, Foley, Joseph P., Hancock, Nigel, Lamb, David, Morrison, Pippa, Mossad, Ruth, Misra, R. K., Pittaway, Pam, Prime, Emma, Rees, Steve, ..., Turnbull, David. 2007. "Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods." Environmental Health. 7 (3), pp. 84-97.
Quantitative assessment of human exposure - UVA radiation
Kimlin, M. G., Parisi, A. V., Macaranas, J. M. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2005. "Quantitative assessment of human exposure - UVA radiation." Aral, M. M., Brebbia, C. A., Maslia, M. L. and Sinks, T. (ed.) Environmental exposure and health. Southampton, United Kingdom. WIT Press. pp. 329-337
Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2007. "Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D." Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Development of a long term solar UVA dosimeter
Turnbull, David J. and Schouten, Peter. 2007. "Development of a long term solar UVA dosimeter." Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Application of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) film for the long - term measurement of underwater solar UVB
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turnbull, David J.. 2007. "Application of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) film for the long - term measurement of underwater solar UVB." Grabner, Julian (ed.) Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths comparisons of the spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2007. "Short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths comparisons of the spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis." Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Dosimetric and spectroradiometric investigations of glass-filtered solar UV
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J. and Kimlin, Michael G.. 2007. "Dosimetric and spectroradiometric investigations of glass-filtered solar UV." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 83 (4), pp. 777-781. https://doi.org/10.1562/2006-08-20-RA-1007
Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2007. "Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures." Environmental Health. 7 (3), pp. 75-83.
Evaluation of a high exposure solar UV dosimeter for underwater use
Schouten, Peter W., Parisi, Alfio V. and Turnbull, David J.. 2007. "Evaluation of a high exposure solar UV dosimeter for underwater use." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 83 (4), pp. 931-937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00085.x
Development of a high exposure underwater solar UV dosimeter
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turnbull, David J.. 2006. "Development of a high exposure underwater solar UV dosimeter." Sang, Robert and Dobson, John (ed.) 17th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Brisbane, Australia 03 - 08 Dec 2006 Brisbane, Australia.
Ultraviolet radiation, shade and vitamin D3
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2006. "Ultraviolet radiation, shade and vitamin D3." Australian Institute of Physics (AIP) 17th National Congress 2006. Brisbane, Australia 03 - 08 Dec 2006
Development of a photosensitive polymer for measurement of damaging blue light exposures
Turnbull, David J.. 2006. "Development of a photosensitive polymer for measurement of damaging blue light exposures." Australian Institute of Physics (AIP) 17th National Congress 2006. Brisbane, Australia 03 - 08 Dec 2006
Development of an improved shade environment for the reduction of personal UV exposure
Turnbull, David J.. 2005. Development of an improved shade environment for the reduction of personal UV exposure. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Solar UV dosimetry
Parisi, Alfio and Turnbull, David J.. 2006. "Solar UV dosimetry." McKenzie, Richard (ed.) UV Radiation and its Effects: an Update 2006. Dunedin, New Zealand 19 - 21 Apr 2006 Wellington, NZ.
Increasing the protection offered by shade structures
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2006. "Increasing the protection offered by shade structures." 6th Annual Health and Medical Research Conference of Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland 23 - 24 Nov 2006 Brisbane, Queensland.
Development of a polymer for quantification of harmful ocular exposures
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and van den Ancker, Tania. 2006. "Development of a polymer for quantification of harmful ocular exposures." 6th Annual Health and Medical Research Conference of Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland 23 - 24 Nov 2006 Brisbane, Queensland.
Shade, diffuse UV and vitamin D
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2006. "Shade, diffuse UV and vitamin D." 6th Annual Health and Medical Research Conference of Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland 23 - 24 Nov 2006 Brisbane, Queensland.
Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2006. "Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures." International Symposium on Environmental Health, Climate Change and Sustainability (2006). Brisbane, Australia 21 - 22 Nov 2006
Biologically damaging UV in the shade
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2002. "Biologically damaging UV in the shade." 2002 Physical Sciences and Engineering in Medicine Local Symposium. Brisbane, Australia 28 Jun 2002
Shade and melanoma inducing wavelengths
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2002. "Shade and melanoma inducing wavelengths." 2002 Annual Queensland Health and Medical Scientific Meeting. Brisbane, Australia 04 - 05 Dec 2002
UV protection and shade structures
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Sabburg, Jeff. 2003. "UV protection and shade structures." 10th Congress of the European Society for Photobiology. Vienna, Austria 06 - 11 Sep 2003
UV protection provided by public shade structures during winter
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Sabburg, Jeff. 2003. "UV protection provided by public shade structures during winter." 2003 Annual Queensland Health and Medical Scientific Meeting. Brisbane, Australia 25 - 26 Nov 2003
The protective nature of public shade structures in Australia
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Sabburg, Jeff. 2003. "The protective nature of public shade structures in Australia." 2003 Australian Institute of Physics Postgraduate Night. Brisbane, Australia 21 Oct 2003
Improving the protective efficiency of shade structures
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2004. "Improving the protective efficiency of shade structures." 14th International Congress on Photobiology. Jeju, South Korea 10 - 15 Jun 2004
Development of a photosensitive polymer for measurement of damaging ocular radiation exposures
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and van den Ancker, Tania. 2006. "Development of a photosensitive polymer for measurement of damaging ocular radiation exposures." Showcasing Toowoomba Area Health Research 2006. Toowoomba, Australia 25 Aug 2006
Effect of clouds on the diffuse component of the solar terrestrial erythemal UV
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2006. "Effect of clouds on the diffuse component of the solar terrestrial erythemal UV." Radiation Protection in Australasia. 23 (1), pp. 2-9.
Comparison of the biologically effective UV in the shade for three action spectra
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2005. "Comparison of the biologically effective UV in the shade for three action spectra." Environmental Health. 5 (2), pp. 26-35.
Annual variation of the angular distribution of the UV beneath public shade structures
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, A. V.. 2004. "Annual variation of the angular distribution of the UV beneath public shade structures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 76 (1-3), pp. 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.07.006
Scattered UV beneath public shade structures during winter
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Sabburg, Jeff. 2003. "Scattered UV beneath public shade structures during winter." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 78 (2), pp. 180-183.
Reduction in the personal annual solar erythemal ultraviolet exposure provided by Australian gum trees
Parisi, Alfio, Kimlin, Michael G., Wong, J. C. F., Lester, Rick A. and Turnbull, David J.. 2000. "Reduction in the personal annual solar erythemal ultraviolet exposure provided by Australian gum trees." Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 92 (4), pp. 307-312.
Development of a blue light radiation dosimeter
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2005. "Development of a blue light radiation dosimeter." 5th Annual Health and Medical Research Conference of Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland 03 - 04 Nov 2005 Brisbane, Queensland.
Development of a dosimetric tool to measure human UVA exposures
Kimlin, Michael G., Parisi, Alfio, Macaranas, J. and Turnbull, David J.. 2005. "Development of a dosimetric tool to measure human UVA exposures." Hoppe, P. (ed.) 17th International Congress of Biometeorology. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 05 - 09 Sep 2005 Munich.
Vitamin D effective ultra violet wavelengths due to scattering in shade
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Kimlin, Michael G.. 2005. "Vitamin D effective ultra violet wavelengths due to scattering in shade." The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 96 (5), pp. 431-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.039
Measuring the diffuse component of solar UV beneath shade structures: a practical activity for an Australian summer
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2005. "Measuring the diffuse component of solar UV beneath shade structures: a practical activity for an Australian summer." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 51 (1), pp. 22-24.
Increasing the ultraviolet protection provided by shade structures
Turnbull, David J. and Parisi, Alfio. 2005. "Increasing the ultraviolet protection provided by shade structures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 78 (1), pp. 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.09.002