Discrepancy analysis and Australian norms for the Trail Making Test

Article


Senior, Graeme, Piovesana, Adina and Beaumont, Patricia. 2018. "Discrepancy analysis and Australian norms for the Trail Making Test." The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 32 (3), pp. 510-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2017.1357756
Article Title

Discrepancy analysis and Australian norms for the Trail Making Test

ERA Journal ID6181
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsSenior, Graeme (Author), Piovesana, Adina (Author) and Beaumont, Patricia (Author)
Journal TitleThe Clinical Neuropsychologist
Journal Citation32 (3), pp. 510-523
Number of Pages14
Year2018
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN1385-4046
1744-4144
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2017.1357756
Web Address (URL)https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13854046.2017.1357756
Abstract

Objective: Discrepancy analyses refer to comparison methods that evaluate the relationship or differences between two measures in the same individual. A common type of discrepancy analysis involves the comparison of two trials within a measure, such as, Trails A and B of the Trail Making Test (TMT). The TMT is well-suited to this role as the two measures are highly correlated, assess similar underlying constructs, and most importantly demonstrate differential vulnerability to the impact of pathology. While the inclusion of these types of data in the form of difference scores or ratios has become more frequent, this information has been presented only for demographically adjusted subgroups and has not taken into account the level of performance of the comparison trial, Trails A. Method: The role and advantages of discrepancy analysis with the TMT stratified by level of Trails A performance were demonstrated with an Australian normative sample of 647 participants and a heterogeneous clinical sample consisting of 2,292 Australian and U.S. cases. Results: The ability to differentiate between the influence of slowed visual scanning and/or graphomotor speed, and reduced mental flexibility was demonstrated by applying the normative data to clinical case discrepancies. The importance of accounting for the variability in discrepancy scores associated with the level of performance of Trails A was also highlighted. Conclusion: A simple, efficient, and effective approach to examining the basis for differences between TMT-A and TMT-B performances is provided to examine the relative contributions of perceptual/motor abilities, and mental flexibility.

Keywordsdiscrepancy analysis; Trail Making Test; norms; neuropsychology
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020529999. Other psychology not elsewhere classified
520105. Psychological methodology, design and analysis
Byline AffiliationsDepartment of Psychology
School of Psychology and Counselling
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q45x1/discrepancy-analysis-and-australian-norms-for-the-trail-making-test

  • 1058
    total views
  • 13
    total downloads
  • 2
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Empathy Measurement in Autism
Harrison, J. L., Ireland, M. J., Piovesana, A. M. and Brownlow, C. L.. 2019. "Empathy Measurement in Autism." Asia Pacific Autism Conference 2019 (APAC 2019). Sentosa Island, Singapore 20 - 22 Jun 2019
Randomized controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal therapy program for executive functioning in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy
Piovesana, Adina M., Ross, Stephanie, Lloyd, Owen, Whittingham, Koa, Ziviani, Jenny, Ware, Robert S. and Boyd, Roslyn N.. 2017. "Randomized controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal therapy program for executive functioning in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy." Disability and Rehabilitation. 39 (20), pp. 2021-2028. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1213899
Empathy Measurement in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: A COSMIN Systematic Literature Review
Harrison, Jessica L., Brownlow, Charlotte L., Ireland, Michael J. and Piovesana, Adina M.. 2022. "Empathy Measurement in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: A COSMIN Systematic Literature Review." Assessment. 29 (2), pp. 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191120964564
Legal and ethical issues
Crowley-Cyr, Lynda and Piovesana, Adina. 2018. "Legal and ethical issues." Kring, Ann M., Kyrios, Michael, Fassnacht, Daniel, Lambros, Amanda, Mihaljcic, Tijana and Teesson, Maree (ed.) Abnormal psychology, 1st Australasian ed.. Milton, Qld., Australia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 684-721
The Development of a Motor-Free Short-Form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition
Piovesana, Adina M., Harrison, Jessica L. and Ducat, Jacob J.. 2019. "The Development of a Motor-Free Short-Form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition." Assessment. 26 (8), pp. 1564 -1572. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117748741
A randomised controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal therapy program to improve executive functioning in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury
Piovesana, Adina, Ross, Stephanie, Lloyd, Owen, Whittingham, Koa, Ziviani, Jenny, Ware, Robert S., McKinlay, Lynne and Boyd, Roslyn N.. 2017. "A randomised controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal therapy program to improve executive functioning in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury." Clinical Rehabilitation. 31 (10), pp. 1351-1363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215517695373
Using Mahalanobis distance to evaluate recovery in acute stroke
Tehan, Hannah, Witteveen, Kate, Tolan, G. Anne, Tehan, Gerald and Senior, Graeme J.. 2018. "Using Mahalanobis distance to evaluate recovery in acute stroke." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 33, pp. 577-582. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acx107
How Small Is Big: Sample Size and Skewness
Piovesana, Adina and Senior, Graeme. 2018. "How Small Is Big: Sample Size and Skewness." Assessment. 25 (6), pp. 793-800. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116669784
Stability of executive functioning measures in 8–17-year-old children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Piovesana, Adina M., Ross, Stephanie, Whittingham, Koa, Ware, Robert S. and Boyd, Roslyn N.. 2015. "Stability of executive functioning measures in 8–17-year-old children with unilateral cerebral palsy." The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 29 (1), pp. 133-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2014.999125
Mitii™ ABI: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal training program for children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury (ABI)
Boyd, Roslyn B, Baque, Emmah, Piovesana, Adina, Ross, Stephanie, Ziviani, Jenny, Sakzewski, Leanne, Barber, Lee, Lloyd, Owen, McKinlay, Lynne, Whittingham, Koa, Smith, Anthony C., Rose, Stephen, Fiori, Simona, Cunnington, Ross, Ware, Robert, Lewis, Melinda, Comans, Tracy A. and Scuffham, Paul. A. 2015. "Mitii™ ABI: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal training program for children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury (ABI)." BMC Neurology. 15 (140). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-015-0381-6
Adult verbal abstract reasoning assessment instruments and their clinimetric properties
Davis, Geoffrey and Piovesana, Adina. 2016. "Adult verbal abstract reasoning assessment instruments and their clinimetric properties." The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 29 (7), pp. 1010-1033. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2015.1119889
An investigation of skewness, sample size, and test standardisation
Piovesana, Adina M.. 2014. An investigation of skewness, sample size, and test standardisation. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Restructured MMPI-2: establishing incremental validity and underlying patterns of performance in a medico-legal setting
Beaumont, Patricia. 2011. Restructured MMPI-2: establishing incremental validity and underlying patterns of performance in a medico-legal setting. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Straw men in the Land of Oz: a reply to Butcher and Ben-Porath (2004)
Senior, Graeme and Douglas, Lucille A.. 2004. "Straw men in the Land of Oz: a reply to Butcher and Ben-Porath (2004)." Australian Psychologist. 39 (1), pp. 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060410001660344
Updating the MMPI-2 for assessing personal injury claimants: the MMPI-2-PI
Beaumont, Patricia. 2009. "Updating the MMPI-2 for assessing personal injury claimants: the MMPI-2-PI." Crowe, Simon F. (ed.) 15th Annual Conference of the APS College of Clinical Neuropsychologists. Melbourne, Victoria 30 Oct - 01 Nov 2009 Melbourne, Australia.
The effect of item type on performance of the Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-III in traumatically brain injured and non brain-injured control participants
Crowe, Simon F., Bittner, Robyn M., Raggl, Ramona and Senior, Graeme. 2003. "The effect of item type on performance of the Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-III in traumatically brain injured and non brain-injured control participants." Brain Impairment. 4 (2), pp. 146-154.
Getting the most out of the Wechsler batteries
Douglas, Lorna, Senior, Graeme and Olm, Tammie. 2006. "Getting the most out of the Wechsler batteries." Katsikitis, Mary (ed.) Psychology Bridging the Tasman: Science, Culture and Practice 2006. Auckland, New Zealand 26 - 30 Sep 2006 Melbourne, Australia.
Identifying reproductive state of the Julia Creek dunnart Sminthopsis douglasi by behavioural observations
Bjursell, A., Withers, K., Senior, G., Lundie-Jenkins, G. and Kennerley, P.. 2005. "Identifying reproductive state of the Julia Creek dunnart Sminthopsis douglasi by behavioural observations." Cree, Alison (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (ANZSCPB 2005). Dunedin, New Zealand 09 - 11 Dec 2005 New Zealand.
Application of machine vision technology to identification of oestrous in the Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)
Bjursell, A., Dunn, M., Withers, K., Senior, G., Lundie-Jenkins, G. and Billingsley, J.. 2005. "Application of machine vision technology to identification of oestrous in the Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)." Cree, Alison (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (ANZSCPB 2005). Dunedin, New Zealand 09 - 11 Dec 2005 New Zealand.
Misconceptions and misuse of the MMPI-2 in assessing personal injury claimants
Senior, Graeme and Douglasb, Lucille. 2001. "Misconceptions and misuse of the MMPI-2 in assessing personal injury claimants ." NeuroRehabilitation: an interdisciplinary journal. 16 (4), pp. 203-213. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-2001-16403
Infants' Recognition of Contour-Deleted Figures
Rose, Susan A., Jankowski, Jeffery J. and Senior, Graeme J.. 1997. "Infants' Recognition of Contour-Deleted Figures." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 23 (4), pp. 1206-1216. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.23.4.1206