Susceptibility of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to Fipronil and Imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays

Article

Rust, M. K., Vetter, R., Denholm, I., Blagburn, B., Williamson, M. S., Kopp, S., Coleman, G., Hostetler, J., Davis, W., Mencke, N., Rees, R., Foit, S. and Tetzner, K.. 2014. "Susceptibility of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to Fipronil and Imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays." Journal of Medical Entomology. 51 (3), pp. 638-643. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME13240
Article Title

Susceptibility of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to Fipronil and Imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays

ERA Journal ID22236
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsRust, M. K. (Author), Vetter, R. (Author), Denholm, I. (Author), Blagburn, B. (Author), Williamson, M. S. (Author), Kopp, S. (Author), Coleman, G. (Author), Hostetler, J. (Author), Davis, W. (Author), Mencke, N. (Author), Rees, R. (Author), Foit, S. (Author) and Tetzner, K. (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Medical Entomology
Journal Citation51 (3), pp. 638-643
Number of Pages5
Year2014
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0022-2585
1938-2928
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1603/ME13240
Abstract

The monitoring of the susceptibility of fleas to insecticides has typically been conducted by exposing adults on treated surfaces. Other methods such as topical applications of insecticides to adults and larval bioassays on treated rearing media have been developed. Unfortunately, baseline responses of susceptible strains of cat flea, Cteno cephalides felis (Bouchè), except for imidacloprid, have not been determined for all on-animal therapies and new classes of chemistry now being used. However, the relationship between adult and larval bioassays of fleas has not been previously investigated. The adult and larval bioassays of fipronil and imidacloprid were compared for both field-collected isolates and laboratory strains. Adult topical bioassays of fipronil and imidacloprid to laboratory strains and field-collected isolates demonstrated that LD50s of fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.11 to 0.40 nanograms per flea and 0.02 to 0.18 nanograms per flea, respectively. Resistance ratios for fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.11 to 2.21. Based on the larval bioassay published for imidacloprid, a larval bioassay was established for fipronil and reported in this article. The ranges of the LC50s of fipronil and imidacloprid in the larval rearing media were 0.07-0.16 and 0.11-0.21 ppm, respectively. Resistance ratios for adult and larval bioassays ranged from 0.11 to 2.2 and 0.58 to 1.75, respectively. Both adult and larval bioassays provided similar patterns for fipronil and imidacloprid. Although the adult bioassays permitted a more precise dosage applied, the larval bioassays allowed for testing isolates without the need to maintain on synthetic or natural hosts. © 2014 Entomological Society of America.

Keywordsctenocephalides felis; insecticide resistance; resistance monitoring
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300909. Veterinary parasitology
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of California, United States
University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Auburn University, United States
Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom
University of Queensland
Bayer Animal Health, United States
Bayer Animal Health, Germany
Bayer Health Care, Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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