The VMC survey – XLIX. Discovery of a population of quasars dominated by nuclear dust emission behind the Magellanic Clouds

Article


Pennock, Clara M., van Loon, Jacco Th., Anih, Joy O., Maitra, Chandreyee, Haberl, Frank, Sansom, Anne E., Ivanov, Valentin D., Cowley, Michael J., Afonso, Jose, Anton, Sonia, Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., Craig, Jessica E. M., Filipovic, Miroslav D., Hopkins, Andrew M., Nanni, Ambra, Prandoni, Isabella and Vardoulaki, Eleni. 2022. "The VMC survey – XLIX. Discovery of a population of quasars dominated by nuclear dust emission behind the Magellanic Clouds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 515 (4), pp. 6046-6065. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2096
Article Title

The VMC survey – XLIX. Discovery of a population of quasars dominated by nuclear dust emission behind the Magellanic Clouds

ERA Journal ID1074
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsPennock, Clara M., van Loon, Jacco Th., Anih, Joy O., Maitra, Chandreyee, Haberl, Frank, Sansom, Anne E., Ivanov, Valentin D., Cowley, Michael J., Afonso, Jose, Anton, Sonia, Cioni, Maria-Rosa L., Craig, Jessica E. M., Filipovic, Miroslav D., Hopkins, Andrew M., Nanni, Ambra, Prandoni, Isabella and Vardoulaki, Eleni
Journal TitleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Journal Citation515 (4), pp. 6046-6065
Number of Pages20
Year2022
PublisherOxford University Press
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0035-8711
1365-2966
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2096
Web Address (URL)https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/515/4/6046/6651397
Abstract

Following the discovery of SAGE0536AGN (z ∼0.14), with the strongest 10-μm silicate emission ever observed for an active galactic nucleus (AGN), we discovered SAGE0534AGN (z ∼1.01), a similar AGN but with less extreme silicate emission. Both were originally mistaken as evolved stars in the Magellanic Clouds. Lack of far-infrared emission, and therefore star formation, implies we are seeing the central engine of the AGN without contribution from the host galaxy. They could be a key link in galaxy evolution. We used a dimensionality reduction algorithm, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding with multiwavelength data from Gaia EDR3, VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds, AllWISE, and the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder to find these two unusual AGNs are grouped with 16 other objects separated from the rest, suggesting a rare class. Our spectroscopy at South African Astronomical Observatory/Southern African Large Telescope and literature data confirm at least 14 of these objects are extragalactic (0.13 < z < 1.23), all hosting AGN. Using spectral energy distribution fitter C igale we find that the majority of dust emission ($\gt 70 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) in these sources is due to the AGN. Host galaxies appear to be either in or transitioning into the green valley. There is a trend of a thinning torus, increasing X-ray luminosity, and decreasing Eddington ratio as the AGN transition through the green valley, implying that as the accretion supply depletes, the torus depletes and the column density reduces. Also, the near-infrared variability amplitude of these sources correlates with attenuation by the torus, implying the torus plays a role in the variability.

Keywords(galaxies:) Magellanic Clouds; (galaxies:) quasars: emission lines; galaxies: evolution
Public Notes

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2022 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Byline AffiliationsKeele University, United Kingdom
Max Planck Society, Germany
University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
European Southern Observatory, Germany
Queensland University of Technology
Centre for Astrophysics
University of Lisbon, Portugal
University of Coimbra, Portugal
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Germany
Western Sydney University
Macquarie University
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland
INAF Institute for Radioastronomy, Italy
Karl Schwarzschild Observatory, Germany
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