The identification of novel root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei & P. neglectus) resistances in Iranian landrace wheat (Triticum aestivum) and einkorn (T. monococcum) and their introgression into Australian wheat cultivars

PhD by Publication

Sheedy, Jason Glen. 2022. The identification of novel root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei & P. neglectus) resistances in Iranian landrace wheat (Triticum aestivum) and einkorn (T. monococcum) and their introgression into Australian wheat cultivars. PhD by Publication Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.26192/yw715
Title

The identification of novel root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei & P. neglectus) resistances in Iranian landrace wheat (Triticum aestivum) and einkorn (T. monococcum) and their introgression into Australian wheat cultivars

TypePhD by Publication
AuthorsSheedy, Jason Glen
Supervisor
1. FirstProf John Thompson
2. SecondMandy Christopher
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Qualification NameDoctor of Philosophy
Number of Pages209
Year2022
PublisherUniversity of Southern Queensland
Place of PublicationAustralia
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.26192/yw715
Abstract

The root-lesion nematodes (RLN) Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus are globally important pathogens of wheat that can reduce yields by up to 60% and 20%, respectively. They often occur together in mixed populations that are best managed through the incorporation of genetic tolerance and resistance into adapted wheat genotypes. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a collection of 245 Iranian landrace wheats (ILWs) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with P. thornei resistance, which were then validated using seven ILW-derived BC1F4 populations. A P. thornei-resistant subset of 91 ILWs were characterised for their P. neglectus resistance and were genetically analysed to determine if any carried the primary P. neglectus resistance genes used in Australia. ILW-derived breeding populations were selected for resistance to P. thornei and/or P. neglectus. Four einkorn-derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were produced and evaluated for resistance to P. thornei to identify resistant RILs and to estimate the effective number of resistance genes using segregation and quantitative genetics analyses. Five novel QTL located on chromosomes 2B (x2), 3B, 5B and 7B were identified in the GWAS. Individual ILWs carried up to six QTL and final P. thornei population density decreased exponentially as QTL number per genotype increased. Ten KASP markers were validated in the BC1F4 populations, which carried two to five P. thornei-resistance QTL. Seven ILW accessions were identified as resistant to P. neglectus with five carrying novel P. neglectus resistance. Six ILW-derived breeding lines with resistance to both P. thornei and P. neglectus were developed. Evaluation of four einkorn-derived RIL populations identified 26 RILs that were resistant to P. thornei. Both segregation and quantitative genetics analyses indicated that one to two genes controlled the resistance in all populations. The ILWs are a valuable source of novel resistances to both P. thornei and P. neglectus. Analysing existing phenotypic data in a GWAS effectively identified P. thornei resistance QTL without the need to develop biparental populations. This is the first report of P. thornei resistance being transferred from einkorn to wheat. The five novel P. thornei resistance QTL and the 43 wheat breeding lines with resistance to P. thornei, P. neglectus or both P. thornei and P. neglectus will increase diversity in the genetic management of RLN and deliver new gene combinations to increase the overall level of resistance available to plant breeders.

Keywordsroot-lesion nematode, resistance, landrace wheat, einkorn, plant breeding, Pratylenchus
Related Output
Has partDiscovery of resistance to Pratylenchus neglectus among P. thornei-resistant Iranian landrace wheats and the introgression of both resistances into advanced breeding lines
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310805. Plant pathology
300406. Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding)
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Byline AffiliationsCentre for Crop Health (Research)
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