Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands

Article

Silburn, D. Mark and Crawford, M. H.. 2024. "Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands." Soil Research. 62 (3). https://doi.org/10.1071/SR23148

Article Title	Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands
ERA Journal ID	5248
Article Category	Article
Authors	Silburn, D. Mark and Crawford, M. H.
Journal Title	Soil Research
Journal Citation	62 (3)
Article Number	SR23148
Number of Pages	16
Year	2024
Publisher	CSIRO Publishing
Place of Publication	Australia
ISSN	0004-9573
	1446-568X
	1838-675X
	1838-6768
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1071/SR23148
Web Address (URL)	https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/SR23148
Abstract	Context Do some pesticides run off more than others? How does pesticide runoff vary with pesticide properties? Aims Improve understanding of pesticide runoff from croplands. Methods Concentrations in surface soil and in runoff from three Australian rainfall simulation studies and three rainfall simulation and five catchment studies in North American croplands were used. The ratio of event averaged runoff concentrations and the surface soil concentrations is the runoff extraction ratio. Key results Pesticide runoff concentrations were closely related to soil surface concentrations at the start of rainfall. Runoff extraction ratios were not significantly different for 13 pesticides with a wide range of properties, on gentle slopes (0–3%), but were significantly lower for three pesticides. On steeper slopes, runoff extraction was significantly greater for atrazine but lower for glyphosate and metolachlor. Low sloping, furrow irrigated fields had low sediment concentrations and low pesticide runoff concentrations for more tightly sorbed pesticides, but not for less sorbed pesticides. Runoff extraction was not significantly different for simulated and most catchment studies. Conclusions Similar runoff extraction ratios were due to similar hydrology and limited sediment concentrations. Different runoff extraction occurs on bare soil if (a) pesticides are leached from the runoff-mixing layer, requiring sorption coefficients less than two and significant infiltration, and no interflow, (b) sediment concentrations are either low (<2 g L−1) or high (>100 g L−1) and (c) pesticides have different concentration profiles in the runoff-mixing layer. Implications Conditions studied apply for croplands in the North American mid-west on silty soils and for Australian clay soils.
Keywords	croplands; herbicides; insecticides; partition coefficients; pesticide runoff; rainfall simulator; runoff risk; soil concentrations
Contains Sensitive Content	Does not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020	4106. Soil sciences
Byline Affiliations	Centre for Agricultural Engineering
	Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Queensland
	Department of Resources, Queensland
	Landloch, Australia

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