Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands

Article


Silburn, D. Mark and Crawford, M. H.. 2024. "Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands." Soil Research. 62 (3). https://doi.org/10.1071/SR23148
Article Title

Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands

ERA Journal ID5248
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsSilburn, D. Mark and Crawford, M. H.
Journal TitleSoil Research
Journal Citation62 (3)
Article NumberSR23148
Number of Pages16
Year2024
PublisherCSIRO Publishing
Place of PublicationAustralia
ISSN0004-9573
1446-568X
1838-675X
1838-6768
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1071/SR23148
Web Address (URL)https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/SR23148
Abstract

Context
Do some pesticides run off more than others? How does pesticide runoff vary with pesticide properties?

Aims
Improve understanding of pesticide runoff from croplands.

Methods
Concentrations in surface soil and in runoff from three Australian rainfall simulation studies and three rainfall simulation and five catchment studies in North American croplands were used. The ratio of event averaged runoff concentrations and the surface soil concentrations is the runoff extraction ratio.

Key results
Pesticide runoff concentrations were closely related to soil surface concentrations at the start of rainfall. Runoff extraction ratios were not significantly different for 13 pesticides with a wide range of properties, on gentle slopes (0–3%), but were significantly lower for three pesticides. On steeper slopes, runoff extraction was significantly greater for atrazine but lower for glyphosate and metolachlor. Low sloping, furrow irrigated fields had low sediment concentrations and low pesticide runoff concentrations for more tightly sorbed pesticides, but not for less sorbed pesticides. Runoff extraction was not significantly different for simulated and most catchment studies.

Conclusions
Similar runoff extraction ratios were due to similar hydrology and limited sediment concentrations. Different runoff extraction occurs on bare soil if (a) pesticides are leached from the runoff-mixing layer, requiring sorption coefficients less than two and significant infiltration, and no interflow, (b) sediment concentrations are either low (<2 g L−1) or high (>100 g L−1) and (c) pesticides have different concentration profiles in the runoff-mixing layer.

Implications
Conditions studied apply for croplands in the North American mid-west on silty soils and for Australian clay soils.

Keywordscroplands; herbicides; insecticides; partition coefficients; pesticide runoff; rainfall simulator; runoff risk; soil concentrations
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 20204106. Soil sciences
Byline AffiliationsCentre for Agricultural Engineering
Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Queensland
Department of Resources, Queensland
Landloch, Australia
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