Solutes in runoff under simulated rainfall on fertilised sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) beds: measurements and results

Article


Cook, F. J., Bosomworth, B., Melland, A. R., Silburn, D. M. and Eyles, M.. 2021. "Solutes in runoff under simulated rainfall on fertilised sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) beds: measurements and results." Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107343
Article Title

Solutes in runoff under simulated rainfall on fertilised sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) beds: measurements and results

ERA Journal ID36361
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsCook, F. J. (Author), Bosomworth, B. (Author), Melland, A. R. (Author), Silburn, D. M. (Author) and Eyles, M. (Author)
Journal TitleAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Journal Citation313
Article Number107343
Number of Pages19
Year2021
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationAmsterdam, Netherlands
ISSN0167-8809
1873-2305
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107343
Abstract

Wet Tropics region is ranked as the highest relative risk to Great Barrier Reef water quality with improved nitrogen management as priority. Sugarcane is a major crop in Wet Tropics and contributes 84 % of estimated anthropogenic dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Experiments were undertaken using a rainfall simulator (rate ≈ 90 mm h−1, depth 48–67 mm) to measure solute amounts lost in runoff from raised beds planted with sugarcane on bare soil. Eighteen experimental plots, were constructed with a thin metal walls. Runoff was collected from 18 plots (1 m wide x 1.7 m long), plots were covered with shelters between simulations. Six plots had surface-applied fertiliser, six plots buried (subsurface) fertiliser in a band at 50–150 mm depth along the middle of plots, and a further six plots received no fertiliser. Fertiliser (Nitrophoska® Special) was applied at an equivalent rate of 46 kg-N ha−1 (ammonium at 19 kg-N ha−1 and nitrate at 27 kg-N ha−1), 20 kg-P ha−1 phosphate, 54 kg-K ha−1 potassium and 31 kg-S ha−1 sulfate.

Two plots from each fertiliser treatment rained upon 7, 20 and 55 days after fertiliser was applied (DAF). Two fertilised treatment plots were re-rained upon on 20 and 55 DAF and another two fertilised plots were re-rained upon a third time on 55 DAF.

No effect on runoff volume occurred when all treatments are included in analysis. On plots with repeated rainfall simulations, time to commencement of runoff decreased from rainfall simulation 1–2, no further decrease occurred.

Runoff nitrogen load was dominated by particulate nitrogen with: > 75 % for all fertiliser treatments and > 90 % for no fertiliser treatment. DIN concentration was dominated by nitrate and nitrite (NOx-N) except for the first rainfall simulation on surface-applied fertiliser plots. Ammonia comprised more of the DIN in surface compared to subsurface treatment.

Evaporative concentration resulted in no difference in NOx-N load between fertiliser treatments. Subsurface fertiliser placement did reduce ammonium concentration by 74 % and 90 % compared to surface applied fertiliser.

Phosphorus in runoff was dominated by particulate phosphorus being > 95 %. Subsurface application of fertiliser reduced phosphorus load in runoff from 0.9 to 0.14 kg ha−1. Eighty-one% of applied surface sulfate was lost in runoff compared to 20 % of subsurface-applied fertiliser.

Results highlighted the importance of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff and suggested that evaporative concentration of nitrogen can occur at the surface between rainfall events.

Keywordssolute runoff, banded fertilizer, evaporative concentration, Great Barrier Reef, sugarcane, simulated rainfall
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300201. Agricultural hydrology
300204. Agricultural management of nutrients
300202. Agricultural land management
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Queensland
Centre for Agricultural Engineering
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Anzooman, M, Silburn, DM, Waters, D and Craig Ian. 2013. "Testing two simple pesticide runoff models in Northern Australian agriculture ." 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Adelaide, Australia 01 - 06 Dec 2013 Australia. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand . pp. 3211-3217
Integrating farming systems and landscape processes to assess management impacts on suspended sediment loads
Vigiak, O., Newham, L. T. H., Whitford, J., Roberts, A. M., Rattray, D. and Melland, A. R.. 2011. "Integrating farming systems and landscape processes to assess management impacts on suspended sediment loads ." Environmental Modelling and Software. 26 (2), pp. 144-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.09.001
Using stable isotopes to identify soil moisture sources of key species in drought-stressed riparian woodlands
Reardon-Smith, Kate, Le Brocque, Andy, Hollins, Suzanne and Silburn, Mark. 2011. "Using stable isotopes to identify soil moisture sources of key species in drought-stressed riparian woodlands." 2011 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2011). Hobart, Australia 21 - 25 Nov 2011 Australia. Ecological Society of Australia.
An improved solution for the infiltration advance problem in irrigation hydraulics
Cook, F. J., Knight, J. H., Doble, R. C. and Raine, S. R.. 2013. "An improved solution for the infiltration advance problem in irrigation hydraulics." Irrigation Science. 31 (5), pp. 1113-1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-012-0392-7
Soil-water and salt movement associated with precision irrigation systems - research investment opportunities
Raine, S. R., Meyer, W. S., Rassam, D. W., Hutson, J. L. and Cook, F. J.. 2005. Soil-water and salt movement associated with precision irrigation systems - research investment opportunities. Canberra, Australia. Land and Water Australia.
Modelling of water and solutes in permanent raised beds
Cook, F. J., Knight, J. H., Humphreys, E., McHugh, A. D., Tisdall, J., Hamilton, G. and Roth, C. H.. 2009. "Modelling of water and solutes in permanent raised beds." Anderssen, R. S., Braddock, R. D. and Newham, L. T. H. (ed.) 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Cairns, Australia 13 - 17 Jul 2009 Canberra, Australia. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand .
Soil-water and solute movement under precision irrigation: knowledge gaps for managing sustainable root zones
Raine, S. R., Meyer, W. S., Rassam, D. W., Hutson, J. L. and Cook, F. J.. 2007. "Soil-water and solute movement under precision irrigation: knowledge gaps for managing sustainable root zones ." Irrigation Science. 26 (1), pp. 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-007-0075-y