Coupling of surface water and groundwater nitrate-N dynamics in two permeable agricultural catchments

Article

Mellander, P. - E., Melland, A. R., Murphy, P. N. C., Wall, D. P., Shortle, G. and Jordan, P.. 2014. "Coupling of surface water and groundwater nitrate-N dynamics in two permeable agricultural catchments." The Journal of Agricultural Science. 152, pp. S107-S124. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859614000021
Article Title

Coupling of surface water and groundwater nitrate-N dynamics in two permeable agricultural catchments

ERA Journal ID5187
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMellander, P. - E. (Author), Melland, A. R. (Author), Murphy, P. N. C. (Author), Wall, D. P. (Author), Shortle, G. (Author) and Jordan, P. (Author)
Journal TitleThe Journal of Agricultural Science
Journal Citation152, pp. S107-S124
Number of Pages18
Year2014
PublisherCambridge University Press
ISSN0021-8596
1469-5146
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859614000021
Abstract

The current study investigated the coupling of groundwater and surface water nitrogen (N) dynamics over 3 years, and considered intensive agricultural land-management influences over this period where the risk of N loss to water was considered high. Groundwater N (as nitrate) was monitored monthly in different strata and zones in four hillslopes, two in each of two agricultural catchments of c. 10 km2, and stream water N flux was monitored sub-hourly in the catchment outlets. Field nutrient sources were connected to surface water via groundwater; the groundwater along hillslopes was seen to be influenced spatially and temporally by management, geology and weather as observed in the concentration variability of nitrate in groundwater. Based on spatio-temporal averages of nitrate-N concentration, groundwater status was considered good (at least below a maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 11·3 mg/l). However, zones coincident with land-use change (ploughing and reseeding, typical of a management event in intensive landscapes), showed high spatio-temporal variability in nitrate-N concentration, exceeding the MAC temporarily, before recovering. This spatio-temporal variability highlighted the need for insight into these differences when interpreting groundwater quality data from a limited number of basin-scale sampling points and occasions. In both catchments the 3-year mean nitrate-N concentration in stream water was similar to the spatio-temporal mean concentration in groundwater. The magnitude and variability of loads, however, were more related to changes in annual runoff rather than changes in annual groundwater nitrate-N status. In one wet year, nitrate-N loads exceeded 48 kg/ha from an Arable catchment and 45 kg/ha from a grassland catchment (close to double the loss in a dry year).

Keywordsgroundwater; water composition; water quality; agricultural catchment; concentration (composition); intensive agriculture; land use change; nitrogen cycle; permeability; spatiotemporal analysis; water chemistry
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300202. Agricultural land management
410404. Environmental management
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Byline AffiliationsTeagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Ireland
National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture
University College Dublin, Ireland
University of Ulster, United Kingdom
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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