Quantification of phosphorus transport from a karstic agricultural watershed to emerging spring water

Article

Mellander, Per-Erik, Jordan, Philip, Melland, Alice R., Murphy, Paul N. C., Wall, David P., Mechan, Sarah, Meehan, Robert, Kelly, Coran, Shine, Oliver and Shortle, Ger. 2013. "Quantification of phosphorus transport from a karstic agricultural watershed to emerging spring water." Environmental Science and Technology. 47 (12), pp. 6111-6119. https://doi.org/10.1021/es304909y
Article Title

Quantification of phosphorus transport from a karstic agricultural watershed to emerging spring water

ERA Journal ID4674
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMellander, Per-Erik (Author), Jordan, Philip (Author), Melland, Alice R. (Author), Murphy, Paul N. C. (Author), Wall, David P. (Author), Mechan, Sarah (Author), Meehan, Robert (Author), Kelly, Coran (Author), Shine, Oliver (Author) and Shortle, Ger (Author)
Journal TitleEnvironmental Science and Technology
Journal Citation47 (12), pp. 6111-6119
Number of Pages9
Year2013
PublisherAmerican Chemical Society
Place of PublicationWashington, DC. United States
ISSN0013-936X
1520-5851
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1021/es304909y
Web Address (URL)http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es304909y
Abstract

The degree to which waters in a given watershed will be affected by nutrient export can be defined as that watershed's nutrient vulnerability. This study applied concepts of specific phosphorus (P) vulnerability to develop intrinsic groundwater vulnerability risk assessments in a 32 km2 karst watershed (spring zone of contribution) in a relatively intensive agricultural landscape. To explain why emergent spring water was below an ecological impairment threshold, concepts of P attenuation potential were investigated along the nutrient transfer continuum based on soil P buffering, depth to bedrock, and retention within the aquifer. Surface karst features, such as enclosed depressions, were reclassified based on P attenuation potential in soil at the base. New techniques of high temporal resolution monitoring of P loads in the emergent spring made it possible to estimate P transfer pathways and retention within the aquifer and indicated small–medium fissure flows to be the dominant pathway, delivering 52–90% of P loads during storm events. Annual total P delivery to the main emerging spring was 92.7 and 138.4 kg total P (and 52.4 and 91.3 kg as total reactive P) for two monitored years, respectively. A revised groundwater vulnerability assessment was used to produce a specific P vulnerability map that used the soil and hydrogeological P buffering potential of the watershed as key assumptions in moderating P export to the emergent spring. Using this map and soil P data, the definition of critical source areas in karst landscapes was demonstrated.

Keywordsagricultural landscapes; agricultural watersheds; critical source areas; groundwater vulnerability assessments; high temporal resolution; phosphorus transport; vulnerability maps
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020370704. Surface water hydrology
300207. Agricultural systems analysis and modelling
300201. Agricultural hydrology
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Byline AffiliationsTeagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Ireland
University of Ulster, United Kingdom
Talamh Consulting, Ireland
Tobin and Company, Ireland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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