Influence of stormflow and baseflow phosphorus pressures on stream ecology in agricultural catchments

Article

Shore, Mairead, Murphy, Sinead, Mellander, Per-Erik, Shortle, Ger, Melland, Alice R., Crockford, Lucy, O'Flaherty, Vincent, Williams, Lauren, Morgan, Ger and Jordan, Phil. 2017. "Influence of stormflow and baseflow phosphorus pressures on stream ecology in agricultural catchments." Science of the Total Environment. 590-591, pp. 469-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.100
Article Title

Influence of stormflow and baseflow phosphorus pressures on stream ecology in agricultural catchments

ERA Journal ID3551
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsShore, Mairead (Author), Murphy, Sinead (Author), Mellander, Per-Erik (Author), Shortle, Ger (Author), Melland, Alice R. (Author), Crockford, Lucy (Author), O'Flaherty, Vincent (Author), Williams, Lauren (Author), Morgan, Ger (Author) and Jordan, Phil (Author)
Journal TitleScience of the Total Environment
Journal Citation590-591, pp. 469-483
Number of Pages15
Year2017
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN0048-9697
1879-1026
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.100
Web Address (URL)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717303480
Abstract

Stormflow and baseflow phosphorus (P) concentrations and loads in rivers may exert different ecological pressures during different seasons. These pressures and subsequent impacts are important to disentangle in order to target and monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures. This study investigated the influence of stormflow and baseflow P pressures on stream ecology in six contrasting agricultural catchments. A five-year sub-hourly dataset was used consisting of stream discharge, P chemistry, macroinvertebrate and diatom ecology, supported with microbial source tracking and turbidity data.
Total reactive P (TRP) loads delivered during baseflows were low (1-7% of annual loads), but TRP concentrations frequently exceeded the environmental quality standard (EQS) of 0.035 mg L-1 during these flows (32-100% of the time in five catchments). A pilot microbial source tracking exercise in one catchment indicated that both human and ruminant faecal effluents were contributing to these baseflow P pressures but were diluted at higher flows. Seasonally, TRP concentrations tended to be highest during summer due to these baseflow P pressures and corresponded well with declines in diatom quality during this time (R2 = 0.79). Diatoms tended to recover by late spring when storm P pressures were most prevalent and there was a poor relationship between antecedent TRP concentrations and diatom quality in spring (R2 = 0.23). Seasonal variations were less apparent in the macroinvertebrate indices; however, there was a good relationship between antecedent TRP concentrations and macroinvertebrate quality during spring only (R2 = 0.51) and summer only (R2 = 0.52).
Reducing summer point source discharges may be the quickest way to improve ecological river quality, particularly diatom quality in these and similar catchments. Aligning estimates of P sources with ecological impacts and identifying ecological signals which can be attributed to storm P pressures are important next steps for successful management of agricultural catchments at these scales.

KeywordsStormflow; Baseflow; Phosphorus; Agriculture; Diatoms; Macroinvertebrates
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410404. Environmental management
410206. Landscape ecology
300202. Agricultural land management
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Byline AffiliationsTeagasc, Ireland
Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Ireland
National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture
Harper Adams University, United Kingdom
National University of Ireland, Ireland
University College Cork, Ireland
University of Ulster, United Kingdom
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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