Delivery and impact bypass in a karst aquifer with high phosphorus source and pathway potential

Article

Mellander, Per-Erik, Jordan, Phil, Wall, David P., Melland, Alice R., Meehan, Robert A., Kelly, Coran and Shortle, Ger. 2012. "Delivery and impact bypass in a karst aquifer with high phosphorus source and pathway potential." Water Research. 46 (7), pp. 2225-2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.048
Article Title

Delivery and impact bypass in a karst aquifer with high phosphorus source and pathway potential

ERA Journal ID4694
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMellander, Per-Erik (Author), Jordan, Phil (Author), Wall, David P. (Author), Melland, Alice R. (Author), Meehan, Robert A. (Author), Kelly, Coran (Author) and Shortle, Ger (Author)
Journal TitleWater Research
Journal Citation46 (7), pp. 2225-2236
Number of Pages12
Year2012
Place of PublicationLondon, United Kingdom
ISSN0043-1354
1879-2448
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.048
Web Address (URL)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135412000802#
Abstract

Conduit and other karstic flows to aquifers, connecting agricultural soils and farming activities, are considered to be the main hydrological mechanisms that transfer phosphorus from the land surface to the groundwater body of a karstified aquifer. In this study, soil source and pathway components of the phosphorus (P) transfer continuum were defined at a high spatial resolution; field-by-field soil P status and mapping of all surface karst features was undertaken in a > 30 km 2 spring contributing zone. Additionally, P delivery and water discharge was monitored in the emergent spring at a sub-hourly basis for over 12 months. Despite moderate to intensive agriculture, varying soil P status with a high proportion of elevated soil P concentrations and a high karstic connectivity potential, background P concentrations in the emergent groundwater were low and indicative of being insufficient to increase the surface water P status of receiving surface waters. However, episodic P transfers via the conduit system increased the P concentrations in the spring during storm events (but not >0.035 mg total reactive P L -1) and this process is similar to other catchments where the predominant transfer is via episodic, surface flow pathways; but with high buffering potential over karst due to delayed and attenuated runoff. These data suggest that the current definitions of risk and vulnerability for P delivery to receiving surface waters should be re-evaluated as high source risk need not necessarily result in a water quality impact. Also, inclusion of conduit flows from sparse water quality data in these systems may over-emphasise their influence on the overall status of the groundwater body.

Keywordsagriculture; conduit flow; diffuse pollution; eutrophication; groundwater; nutrients
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020370799. Hydrology not elsewhere classified
410605. Soil physics
300201. Agricultural hydrology
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Byline AffiliationsTeagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Ireland
University of Ulster, United Kingdom
Talamh Consulting, Ireland
Tobin and Company, Ireland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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