Lifting the Fog on Resuscitation: A Scoping Review to Define Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Article

Jurd, Catherine, Barr, Jennieffer, Yen, Margaret and Flynn, Julie. 2025. "Lifting the Fog on Resuscitation: A Scoping Review to Define Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.70153
Article Title

Lifting the Fog on Resuscitation: A Scoping Review to Define Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

ERA Journal ID14104
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsJurd, Catherine, Barr, Jennieffer, Yen, Margaret and Flynn, Julie
Journal TitleJournal of Clinical Nursing
Number of Pages15
Year2025
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0962-1067
1365-2702
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.70153
Web Address (URL)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocn.70153
Abstract

Aims: To summarise current research that defines cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to provide a succinct conceptual defini-tion of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Design: Scoping review using JBI guidelines to develop the study protocol.
Methods: The most recent (2024) research papers on cardiopulmonary resuscitation were evaluated for inclusion. Individual definitions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation extracted from 25 papers were summarised and then analysed to conceptualise a single definition for cardiopulmonary
resuscitation.

Data Sources: CINAHL, Medline and Scopus databases were evaluated for inclusion.

Results: Definitions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation focused on interventions, mainly chest compressions and ventilation. Defibrillation was inconsistently included. There was less emphasis on criteria for initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and desired outcomes.

Conclusion: This scoping review found limited consensus between definitions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Analysis of the range of perspectives found in the review enabled the researchers to propose definitions in three areas: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life support and advanced life support.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: Nurses working in hospitals and responding to cardiac arrests are guided by Advanced Resuscitation Plans and Do Not Resuscitate orders. In turn, these documents should communicate a clear defi-nition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in policies, procedures and standards. This is important for clinical nurses to ensure patients' consent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation is informed.

Impact: Currently cardiopulmonary resuscitation is inconsistently defined. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation includes compres-sions and ventilation. A standardised definition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation supports professional nursing practice and has wider implications for patient consent and research practice.

Keywordscardiopulmonary resuscitation; advanced cardiac life support; review; resuscitation
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420599. Nursing not elsewhere classified
420501. Acute care
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Byline AffiliationsCharles Darwin University
University of Southern Queensland
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