Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from macadamia nut shell waste by carbon dioxide activation: comparative characterisation and study of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution

Article

Wongcharee, Surachai, Aravinthan, Vasantha, Erdei, Laszlo and Sanongraj, Wipada. 2018. "Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from macadamia nut shell waste by carbon dioxide activation: comparative characterisation and study of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution." Asia Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering. 13 (2). https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.2179
Article Title

Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from macadamia nut
shell waste by carbon dioxide activation: comparative
characterisation and study of methylene blue removal from
aqueous solution

ERA Journal ID3941
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsWongcharee, Surachai (Author), Aravinthan, Vasantha (Author), Erdei, Laszlo (Author) and Sanongraj, Wipada (Author)
Journal TitleAsia Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering
Journal Citation13 (2)
Article Numbere2179
Number of Pages16
Year2018
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0969-1855
1932-2135
1932-2143
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.2179
Web Address (URL)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/apj.2179/full
Abstract

Activated carbons are the most widely used adsorbents; however, producing high‐performance mesoporous activated carbons with simple technology still remains a challenge. In this research, waste macadamia nut shell (MNS) was explored as precursor for preparing mesoporous activated carbons by carbon dioxide activation. The material characteristics of MNS‐based activated carbon (MAC) were thoroughly examined in comparison with a premium‐grade commercial activated carbon (CAC). MAC and CAC had specific surface areas of 830 and 1,299 m2 g−1, respectively. Although CAC had a predominantly microporous structure, about 74% of the pore volume of MAC is composed of mesopores. Adsorption performances were evaluated in batch experiments using methylene blue model pollutant and demonstrated 135 and 181 mg g−1 saturation capacities for MAC and CAC, respectively. Non‐linear regression found that the fractal‐like pseudo first‐order model accurately described sorption kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was the rate‐limiting step. Among 6 established isotherm models, the Liu equilibrium model showed the best statistics. Thermodynamic analysis verified that the process was favourable and involved physisorption. These results show that valuable mesoporous activated carbons can be prepared from the biowaste MNS with simple production technology to suit environmental and industrial applications.

Keywordsadsorption, macadamia nut shell, mesoporous activated carbon, methylene blue, non‐linear modelling
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401699. Materials engineering not elsewhere classified
400411. Water treatment processes
410404. Environmental management
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Byline AffiliationsSchool of Civil Engineering and Surveying
Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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