The archaeological signature of 'ant bed' mound floors in the northern tropics of Australia: Case study on the Lower Laura (Boralga) Native Mounted Police Camp, Cape York Peninsula

Article

Lowe, Kelsey M., Cole, Noelene, Burke, Heather, Wallis, Lynley A., Barker, Bryce and Hatte, Elizabeth. 2018. "The archaeological signature of 'ant bed' mound floors in the northern tropics of Australia: Case study on the Lower Laura (Boralga) Native Mounted Police Camp, Cape York Peninsula." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 19, pp. 686-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.04.008
Article Title

The archaeological signature of 'ant bed' mound floors in the northern tropics of Australia: Case study on the Lower Laura (Boralga) Native Mounted Police Camp, Cape York Peninsula

ERA Journal ID210793
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsLowe, Kelsey M. (Author), Cole, Noelene (Author), Burke, Heather (Author), Wallis, Lynley A. (Author), Barker, Bryce (Author) and Hatte, Elizabeth (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Archaeological Science: Reports
Journal Citation19, pp. 686-700
Number of Pages15
Year2018
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN2352-409X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.04.008
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X18301068?via%3Dihub
Abstract

Ant bed (also known as termite mound) floors were a common feature of historical buildings in colonial Australia, yet they are rarely identified in archaeological contexts. In this paper we present a case study of these features in buildings associated with a late nineteenth century Native Mounted Police camp in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Aboriginal colleagues reported the former existence of these floors in buildings at the site, though none could be seen at the contemporary ground surface. The question thus existed as to whether they were extant in subsurface contexts. Ground-penetrating radar revealed rectangular, high amplitude reflections in many parts of the site. Excavation demonstrated these features comprised stratigraphically discrete units that were highly compact, often with a substantial gravel component. Sediment analysis of the coarse-grained component has distinguished these floors from surrounding off-site samples. The level of compaction seen in the floors has significant implications for the retrieval of artefacts in such contexts since it prevents any objects from being integrated into the deposit. While the distribution of the practice of using ant beds for floors is unknown, it appears their use was common throughout Australia in the late 18th through the 19th and 20th centuries. Examination of the physical elements that make up these floors has provided a clearer idea of each floor's recorded history and use. We have also identified a methodology for examining ant bed floors in Australia and elsewhere that can be used anywhere that ant mounds occur and may have been a source of flooring material.

ANZSRC Field of Research 2020430107. Historical archaeology (incl. industrial archaeology)
430101. Archaeological science
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Byline AffiliationsInstitute for Resilient Regions
James Cook University
Flinders University
University of Notre Dame Australia
School of Arts and Communication
Northern Archaeology Consultancies, Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Funding source
Australian Research Council (ARC)
Grant ID
DP160100307
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Barker, Bryce and Lamb, Lara. 2011. "Archaeological evidence for south sea islander traditional ritual practice at Wunjunga, Ayr, central Queensland coast." Australian Archaeology.
Nawarla Gabarnmang, a 45,180 ± 910 cal BP site in Jawoyn Country, southwest Arnhem Land plateau
David, Bruno, Geneste, Jean-Michel, Whear, Ray L., Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Katherine, Margaret, Gunn, R. G., Clarkson, Christopher, Plisson, Hugues, Lee, Preston, Petchey, Fiona, Rowe, Cassandra, Barker, Bryce, Lamb, Lara, Miller, Wes, Hoerle, Stephane, James, Daniel, Boche, Elisa, Aplin, Ken, McNiven, Ian J., ..., Matthews, Jacqueline. 2011. "Nawarla Gabarnmang, a 45,180 ± 910 cal BP site in Jawoyn Country, southwest Arnhem Land plateau." Australian Archaeology.
A new ceramic assemblage from Caution Bay, south coast of mainland PNG: the Linear Shell End-Impressed Tradition from Bogi 1
David, Bruno, McNiven, Ian J., Leavelsey, Matthew, Barker, Bryce, Mandui, Herman, Richards, Thomas and Skelly, Robert. 2012. "A new ceramic assemblage from Caution Bay, south coast of mainland PNG: the Linear Shell End-Impressed Tradition from Bogi 1 ." Journal of Pacific Archaeology. 3 (1), pp. 73-89.
Prehistory of Australia by D.J. Mulvaney and J. Kamminga
Barker, Bryce. 1999. "Prehistory of Australia by D.J. Mulvaney and J. Kamminga." World Archaeological Bulletin. 10.
Shamans, sorcerers and saints: a prehistory of religion by Brian Hayden
Barker, Bryce. 2007. "Shamans, sorcerers and saints: a prehistory of religion by Brian Hayden." Australian Archaeology. 64, pp. 53-53.
Contemporary archaeology in theory: a reader
Barker, Bryce. 1997. "Contemporary archaeology in theory: a reader." Australian Archaeology. 44, pp. 70-71.
The archaeology of poverty and human dignity: charity and the work ethic in a 1930s Depression era itinerant's camp on the Toowoomba Range escarpment, Queensland
Barker, Bryce and Lamb, Lara. 2009. "The archaeology of poverty and human dignity: charity and the work ethic in a 1930s Depression era itinerant's camp on the Toowoomba Range escarpment, Queensland." Archaeologies: journal of the World Archaeological Congress. 5 (2), pp. 263-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-009-9101-4
An interview with Harry Lourandos
Lourandos, Harry, David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J.. 2006. "An interview with Harry Lourandos." David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J. (ed.) The social archaeology of Australian indigenous societies. Canberra, Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 20-39
The social archaeology of indigenous Australia
McNiven, Ian J., David, Bruno and Barker, Bryce. 2006. "The social archaeology of indigenous Australia." David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J. (ed.) The social archaeology of Australian indigenous societies. Canberra, Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 2-19
Hierarchies of knowledge and the tyranny of text: archaeology, ethnohistory and oral traditions in Australian archaeological interpretation
Barker, Bryce. 2006. "Hierarchies of knowledge and the tyranny of text: archaeology, ethnohistory and oral traditions in Australian archaeological interpretation." David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J. (ed.) The social archaeology of Australian indigenous societies. Canberra, Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 72-84
Morphometric analyses of Batissa violacea shells from Emo (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea
Thangavelu, Anbarasu, David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce, Geneste, Jean-Michel, Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Lamb, Lara, Araho, Nick and Skelly, Robert. 2011. "Morphometric analyses of Batissa violacea shells from Emo (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea." Archaeology in Oceania. 46 (2), pp. 67-75.
The Emo site (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea: resolving long-standing questions of antiquity and implications for the history of the ancestral Hiri maritime trade
David, Bruno, Geneste, Jean-Michel, Aplin, Ken, Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Araho, Nick, Clarkson, Christopher, Connell, Kate, Haberle, Simon, Barker, Bryce, Lamb, Lara, Stanisic, John, Fairbairn, Andrew, Skelly, Robert and Rowe, Cassandra. 2010. "The Emo site (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea: resolving long-standing questions of antiquity and implications for the history of the ancestral Hiri maritime trade." Australian Archaeology. 70, pp. 39-54.
The ritual dugong bone mounds of Koey Ngurtai, Torres Strait, Australia: investigating their construction
Skelly, Robert, David, Bruno, McNiven, Ian J. and Barker, Bryce. 2011. "The ritual dugong bone mounds of Koey Ngurtai, Torres Strait, Australia: investigating their construction." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 21 (1), pp. 32-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.1104
Koey Ngurtai: the emergence of a ritual domain in Western Torres Strait
David, Bruno, McNiven, Ian J., Crouch, Joe, Hewitt, Geoffrey, Skelly, Robert, Barker, Bryce and Courtney, Kris. 2009. "Koey Ngurtai: the emergence of a ritual domain in Western Torres Strait." Archaeology in Oceania. 44 (1), pp. 1-17.
Keveoki 1: exploring the Hiri ceramics trade at a short-lived village site near the Vailala River, Papua New Guinea
David, Bruno, Araho, Nick, Barker, Bryce, Kuaso, Alois and Moffat, Ian. 2009. "Keveoki 1: exploring the Hiri ceramics trade at a short-lived village site near the Vailala River, Papua New Guinea." Australian Archaeology. 68, pp. 11-22.
Living landscapes of the dead: archaeology of the afterworld among the Rumu of Papua New Guinea
David, Bruno, Pivoru, Max, Pivoru, William, Green, Michael, Barker, Bryce, Weiner, James F., Simala, Douglas, Kokents, Thomas, Arabo, Lisa and Dop, John. 2008. "Living landscapes of the dead: archaeology of the afterworld among the Rumu of Papua New Guinea." David, Bruno and Thomas, Julian (ed.) Handbook of landscape archaeology. Walnut Creek, CA. United States. Left Coast Press, Inc. pp. 158-166
Massacre, frontier conflict and Australian archaeology
Barker, Bryce. 2007. "Massacre, frontier conflict and Australian archaeology." Australian Archaeology. 64, pp. 9-14.
Evidence for early Holocene change in the Whitsunday Islands: a new radiocarbon determination, Nara Inlet 1
Lamb, Lara and Barker, Bryce. 2001. "Evidence for early Holocene change in the Whitsunday Islands: a new radiocarbon determination, Nara Inlet 1." Australian Archaeology. 53, pp. 42-43.
Holocene palynology of Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, Queensland, and implications for the regional archaeological record
Genever, Matt, Grindrod, John and Barker, Bryce. 2003. "Holocene palynology of Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, Queensland, and implications for the regional archaeological record." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 201 (1-2), pp. 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00542-X
The sea people: late Holocene maritime specialisation in the Whitsunday Islands, central Queensland
Barker, Bryce. 2004. The sea people: late Holocene maritime specialisation in the Whitsunday Islands, central Queensland. Canberra, Australia. Pandanus Books.
Use and continuity in the customary marine tenure of the Whitsunday Islands
Barker, Bryce. 1998. "Use and continuity in the customary marine tenure of the Whitsunday Islands." Peterson, Nicholas and Rigsby, Bruce (ed.) Customary marine tenure in Australia. Sydney, Australia. Oceania Publications (University of Sydney). pp. 89-95
The temporality of cultural material on a deflated dune system at Abbot Point, Central Queensland coast
Barker, Bryce. 2006. "The temporality of cultural material on a deflated dune system at Abbot Point, Central Queensland coast." Australian Archaeology. 62, pp. 44-46.