The archaeology of poverty and human dignity: charity and the work ethic in a 1930s Depression era itinerant's camp on the Toowoomba Range escarpment, Queensland

Article

Barker, Bryce and Lamb, Lara. 2009. "The archaeology of poverty and human dignity: charity and the work ethic in a 1930s Depression era itinerant's camp on the Toowoomba Range escarpment, Queensland." Archaeologies: journal of the World Archaeological Congress. 5 (2), pp. 263-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-009-9101-4
Article Title

The archaeology of poverty and human dignity: charity and the work ethic in a 1930s Depression era itinerant's camp on the Toowoomba Range escarpment, Queensland

ERA Journal ID34892
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBarker, Bryce (Author) and Lamb, Lara (Author)
Journal TitleArchaeologies: journal of the World Archaeological Congress
Journal Citation5 (2), pp. 263-279
Number of Pages17
Year2009
Place of PublicationNew York, USA
ISSN1555-8622
1935-3987
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-009-9101-4
Web Address (URL)http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/qt321u0l4813104k/fulltext.pdf
Abstract

This paper outlines the ethnohistory and archaeology of a Great Depression camp for unemployed men, established at Toowoomba, Queensland, in 1932. The camp was self sufficient and highly ordered. We interpret the material signature of the camp as a symbol of main-stream middle-class Australian values. Thus the camp is also a material symbol of the work ethic central at this time to notions of human dignity, respect and the moral development of individuals. We conclude that the archaeology of the camp demonstrates a strong work ethic among the ‘inmates’ and a degree of visible charity enabled by the historical concept of the ‘deserving poor’.

KeywordsAustralia; Great Depression; deserving poor; work ethic; unemployment; homeless
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020439999. Other history, heritage and archaeology not elsewhere classified
440107. Social and cultural anthropology
430302. Australian history
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Byline AffiliationsSchool of Humanities and Communication
Centre for Heritage and Culture
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Barker, Bryce. 1999. "Prehistory of Australia by D.J. Mulvaney and J. Kamminga." World Archaeological Bulletin. 10.
Shamans, sorcerers and saints: a prehistory of religion by Brian Hayden
Barker, Bryce. 2007. "Shamans, sorcerers and saints: a prehistory of religion by Brian Hayden." Australian Archaeology. 64, pp. 53-53.
Contemporary archaeology in theory: a reader
Barker, Bryce. 1997. "Contemporary archaeology in theory: a reader." Australian Archaeology. 44, pp. 70-71.
An interview with Harry Lourandos
Lourandos, Harry, David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J.. 2006. "An interview with Harry Lourandos." David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J. (ed.) The social archaeology of Australian indigenous societies. Canberra, Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 20-39
The social archaeology of indigenous Australia
McNiven, Ian J., David, Bruno and Barker, Bryce. 2006. "The social archaeology of indigenous Australia." David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J. (ed.) The social archaeology of Australian indigenous societies. Canberra, Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 2-19
Hierarchies of knowledge and the tyranny of text: archaeology, ethnohistory and oral traditions in Australian archaeological interpretation
Barker, Bryce. 2006. "Hierarchies of knowledge and the tyranny of text: archaeology, ethnohistory and oral traditions in Australian archaeological interpretation." David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce and McNiven, Ian J. (ed.) The social archaeology of Australian indigenous societies. Canberra, Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 72-84
Morphometric analyses of Batissa violacea shells from Emo (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea
Thangavelu, Anbarasu, David, Bruno, Barker, Bryce, Geneste, Jean-Michel, Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Lamb, Lara, Araho, Nick and Skelly, Robert. 2011. "Morphometric analyses of Batissa violacea shells from Emo (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea." Archaeology in Oceania. 46 (2), pp. 67-75.
The Emo site (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea: resolving long-standing questions of antiquity and implications for the history of the ancestral Hiri maritime trade
David, Bruno, Geneste, Jean-Michel, Aplin, Ken, Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Araho, Nick, Clarkson, Christopher, Connell, Kate, Haberle, Simon, Barker, Bryce, Lamb, Lara, Stanisic, John, Fairbairn, Andrew, Skelly, Robert and Rowe, Cassandra. 2010. "The Emo site (OAC), Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea: resolving long-standing questions of antiquity and implications for the history of the ancestral Hiri maritime trade." Australian Archaeology. 70, pp. 39-54.
The ritual dugong bone mounds of Koey Ngurtai, Torres Strait, Australia: investigating their construction
Skelly, Robert, David, Bruno, McNiven, Ian J. and Barker, Bryce. 2011. "The ritual dugong bone mounds of Koey Ngurtai, Torres Strait, Australia: investigating their construction." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 21 (1), pp. 32-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.1104
Koey Ngurtai: the emergence of a ritual domain in Western Torres Strait
David, Bruno, McNiven, Ian J., Crouch, Joe, Hewitt, Geoffrey, Skelly, Robert, Barker, Bryce and Courtney, Kris. 2009. "Koey Ngurtai: the emergence of a ritual domain in Western Torres Strait." Archaeology in Oceania. 44 (1), pp. 1-17.
Keveoki 1: exploring the Hiri ceramics trade at a short-lived village site near the Vailala River, Papua New Guinea
David, Bruno, Araho, Nick, Barker, Bryce, Kuaso, Alois and Moffat, Ian. 2009. "Keveoki 1: exploring the Hiri ceramics trade at a short-lived village site near the Vailala River, Papua New Guinea." Australian Archaeology. 68, pp. 11-22.
Living landscapes of the dead: archaeology of the afterworld among the Rumu of Papua New Guinea
David, Bruno, Pivoru, Max, Pivoru, William, Green, Michael, Barker, Bryce, Weiner, James F., Simala, Douglas, Kokents, Thomas, Arabo, Lisa and Dop, John. 2008. "Living landscapes of the dead: archaeology of the afterworld among the Rumu of Papua New Guinea." David, Bruno and Thomas, Julian (ed.) Handbook of landscape archaeology. Walnut Creek, CA. United States. Left Coast Press, Inc. pp. 158-166
Massacre, frontier conflict and Australian archaeology
Barker, Bryce. 2007. "Massacre, frontier conflict and Australian archaeology." Australian Archaeology. 64, pp. 9-14.
Evidence for early Holocene change in the Whitsunday Islands: a new radiocarbon determination, Nara Inlet 1
Lamb, Lara and Barker, Bryce. 2001. "Evidence for early Holocene change in the Whitsunday Islands: a new radiocarbon determination, Nara Inlet 1." Australian Archaeology. 53, pp. 42-43.
Holocene palynology of Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, Queensland, and implications for the regional archaeological record
Genever, Matt, Grindrod, John and Barker, Bryce. 2003. "Holocene palynology of Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, Queensland, and implications for the regional archaeological record." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 201 (1-2), pp. 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00542-X
The sea people: late Holocene maritime specialisation in the Whitsunday Islands, central Queensland
Barker, Bryce. 2004. The sea people: late Holocene maritime specialisation in the Whitsunday Islands, central Queensland. Canberra, Australia. Pandanus Books.
Use and continuity in the customary marine tenure of the Whitsunday Islands
Barker, Bryce. 1998. "Use and continuity in the customary marine tenure of the Whitsunday Islands." Peterson, Nicholas and Rigsby, Bruce (ed.) Customary marine tenure in Australia. Sydney, Australia. Oceania Publications (University of Sydney). pp. 89-95
The temporality of cultural material on a deflated dune system at Abbot Point, Central Queensland coast
Barker, Bryce. 2006. "The temporality of cultural material on a deflated dune system at Abbot Point, Central Queensland coast." Australian Archaeology. 62, pp. 44-46.
Backed and forth: an exploration of variation in retouched implement production on the South Molle Island Quarry, Central Queensland
Lamb, Lara. 2005. "Backed and forth: an exploration of variation in retouched implement production on the South Molle Island Quarry, Central Queensland." Clarkson, Christopher and Lamb, Lara (ed.) Lithics down under: Australian perspectives on lithic reduction, use and classification. Oxford, England. Archaeopress. pp. 35-42
Casting new light on old stones
Clarkson, Christopher and Lamb, Lara. 2005. "Casting new light on old stones." Clarkson, Christopher and Lamb, Lara (ed.) Lithics down under: Australian perspectives on lithic reduction, use and classification. Oxford, England. Archaeopress. pp. 1-6
Investigating changing stone technologies, site use and occupational intensities at Fern Cave, north Queensland
Lamb, Lara. 1996. "Investigating changing stone technologies, site use and occupational intensities at Fern Cave, north Queensland ." Australian Archaeology. 42 (1), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1996.11681564