Vitamin K absorption in the horse: intestinal uptake of different vitamers

Presentation


Skinner, J. E., Cawdell-Smith, A. J., Biffin, J. R., Talbot, A. M., Regtop, H. L. and Bryden, W. L.. 2014. "Vitamin K absorption in the horse: intestinal uptake of different vitamers." 2014 Australasian Equine Science Symposium. Gold Coast, Australia 18 - 20 Jul 2014 Brisbane, Australia.
Paper/Presentation Title

Vitamin K absorption in the horse: intestinal uptake of different vitamers

Presentation TypePresentation
AuthorsSkinner, J. E. (Author), Cawdell-Smith, A. J. (Author), Biffin, J. R. (Author), Talbot, A. M. (Author), Regtop, H. L. (Author) and Bryden, W. L. (Author)
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the 2014 Australasian Equine Science Symposium
Journal Citation5, p. 31
Number of Pages1
Year2014
Place of PublicationBrisbane, Australia
Conference/Event2014 Australasian Equine Science Symposium
Event Details
2014 Australasian Equine Science Symposium
Parent
Australasian Equine Science Symposium
Event Date
18 to end of 20 Jul 2014
Event Location
Gold Coast, Australia
Abstract

Vitamin K has recently been found to be involved in many physiological processes beyond that of blood coagulation. 14 vitamin K-dependent proteins (to date) have now been identified, with essential roles bone metabolism, innate immune system and controlling arterial calcification . Current research has focused on the metabolism of vitamin K and human osteoporosis, with limited research on bone disease in horses. There are a number of forms of vitamin K [phylloquinone (K1), that is synthesized by green plants: menaquinones (MKs also known as K2) synthesized by bacteria; menadione (K3) is the synthetic form of the vitamin and is routinely added to animal diets] but there is no consensus of their efficacy in vivo. As absorption is the first step in vitamin K metabolism, the objective of this study was to determine the absorption efficiency of different isoforms of vitamin K in the horse.

Twelve mature geldings were paired and allocated to six groups in a random crossover design. Sampling was undertaken over six experimental periods. There were six treatments consisting of a control, K1, K2 (in the form of MK-4), K3 and KQ (QAQ; Quinaquanone™ a soluble form of K1 and K2 (10:1). These were administered as a 200mg oral bolus (suspended in water) to each horse. Blood sampling was undertaken at designated intervals for 480min. In the last treatment K1 (200mg) was administered intravenously into the right jugular vein and blood samples collected at designated intervals for two hours. Plasma samples for each treatment were then analysed by HPLC for K1, MK-4 and K3 concentrations.

Plasma K1 concentrations differed significantly across time and between treatments (p<0.001) with the highest plasma K1 concentrations occurring with the KQ treatment compared to the other treatments (P>0.0001), with K1 peaking second highest. Both KQ and K1 showed no detectable conversion to K3 (menadione) or MK4 in plasma. Moreover, the administration of K3 showed that plasma K3 was well absorbed, but there was no detectable conversion to MK4 in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters [area under the curve (AUC), time to maximum (tmax) and maximum concentration (Cmax)] were derived for each treatment and bioavailability calculated for oral treatments relative to K1 administered intravenously (100%). The bioavailability was 0.45% for QAQ, 0.14% for K1.

The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the horse appears to almost exclusively have K1 in plasma in contrast other species .. This suggests that there is no specific conversion of K1 to K3 or K3 to MK-4 in plasma in the horse, contrary to what occurs in some other mammals (rat and human). In the species vitamin K1 is converted in the liver to K3, and plasma K3 is prenylated in the tissues to MK4.The soluble form of the vitamin, KQ was the most efficiently absorbed and should be evaluated in further studies that examine metabolism of vitamin K in the horse, especially bone metabolism.

Keywordsvitamin K; horses
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300303. Animal nutrition
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Agricure, Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q6vxz/vitamin-k-absorption-in-the-horse-intestinal-uptake-of-different-vitamers

Download files


Published Version
  • 296
    total views
  • 58
    total downloads
  • 1
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Scaffolding experiential learning across an agricultural technology program
Baillie, Justine, Scobie, Michael, Long, Derek, Skinner, Jazmine and Humpal, Jacob. 2024. "Scaffolding experiential learning across an agricultural technology program." 3rd Symposium for Agricultural Educators (AgEd 24). Rockhampton, Australia 06 - 07 Feb 2024 Australia.
Effect of phenylbutazone on insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation
Kemp, Kate L., Skinner, Jazmine E. and Bertin, François-René. 2024. "Effect of phenylbutazone on insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 38 (2), pp. 1177-1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17013
Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse
Skinner, Jazmine E., Cawdell-Smith, A. Judy, Biffin, J. Ray, Regtop, Hubert L. and Bryden, Wayne L.. 2023. "Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse ." Animal Production Science. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22319
The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips to Measure Body Temperature in Horses during and after Exercise Using Three Different Cool-Down Methods
Kang, Hyungsuk, Zsoldos, Rebeka R., Skinner, Jazmine E., Gaughan, John B., Mellor, Vincent A. and Sole-Guitart, Albert. 2022. "The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips to Measure Body Temperature in Horses during and after Exercise Using Three Different Cool-Down Methods." Animals. 12 (10), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101267
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel transdermal ketoprofen formulation in healthy dogs
Ravuri, Halley Gora, Satake, Nana, Balmanno, Alexandra, Skinner, Jazmine, Kempster, Samantha and Mills, Paul C.. 2022. "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel transdermal ketoprofen formulation in healthy dogs." Pharmaceutics. 14 (3), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030646
Comparison of post-exercise cooling methods in horses
Kang, H., Zsoldos, R. R., Skinner, J. E., Gaughan, J. B. and Guitart, A. S.. 2021. "Comparison of post-exercise cooling methods in horses." 2021 Equine Science Society Virtual Symposium. Champaign, United States 01 - 04 Jun 2021 United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103485
Proteomic evaluation of the vitamin K status of horses: application of the Carboxylated Analysis by Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Enrichment (CACHE) method to the plasma of vitamin K supplemented foals
Skinner, Jazmine E., Sadowski, Pawel, Satake, Nana, Regtop, Hubert L., Biffin, Ray, Cawdell-Smith, Allison J. and Bryden, Wayne L.. 2021. "Proteomic evaluation of the vitamin K status of horses: application of the Carboxylated Analysis by Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Enrichment (CACHE) method to the plasma of vitamin K supplemented foals." 2021 Recent Advancement in Animal Nutrition - Australia Conference (RAAN 2021). Gold Coast, Australia 09 - 11 Jun 2021 Australia.
Vitamin K absorption in the horse: does absorption occur from the hindgut
Regtop, H. L., Talbot, A. M., Biffin, J. R., Skinner, J. E., Cawdell-Smith, A. J. and Bryden, W. L.. 2014. "Vitamin K absorption in the horse: does absorption occur from the hindgut." 2014 Australasian Equine Science Symposium. Gold Coast, Australia 18 - 20 Jul 2014 Brisbane, Australia.
Proteomic profiling of gamma-carboxylated proteins in horse plasma upon vitamin K supplementation
Skinner, Jazmine E., Sadowski, Pawel, Satake, Nana, Regtop, Hubert L., Biffin, Ray, Cawdell-Smith, Allison J. and Bryden, Wayne L.. 2021. "Proteomic profiling of gamma-carboxylated proteins in horse plasma upon vitamin K supplementation." 6th International Vitamin Conference (IVC 2021). Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vitamin K and equine osteocalcin: an enigma explored
Skinner, Jazmine Elizabeth. 2020. Vitamin K and equine osteocalcin: an enigma explored. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/b8fc040
Equine production systems and the changing role of horses in society
Skinner, Jazmine E., Hilly, Lynette J., Li, Xiuhua, Cawdell-Smith, A .Judy and Bryden, Wayne L.. 2019. "Equine production systems and the changing role of horses in society." Squires, Victor Roy and Bryden, Wayne L. (ed.) Livestock: production, management strategies and challenges. New York, United States. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 389-433
Intestinal absorption of different vitamin K compounds in the horse
Skinner, J. E., Cawdell-Smith, A. J., Biffin, J. R., Talbot, A. M., Regtop, H. L. and Bryden, W. L.. 2015. "Intestinal absorption of different vitamin K compounds in the horse." 2015 Equine Science Society Symposium. Florida, United States of America 26 - 29 May 2015 United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.018
Extent of vitamin K absorption from the equine hindgut
Skinner, J. E., Cawdell-Smith, A. J., Regtop, H. L., Talbot, A. M., Biffin, J. R. and Bryden, W. L.. 2015. "Extent of vitamin K absorption from the equine hindgut." 2015 Equine Science Society Symposium. Florida, United States of America 26 - 29 May 2015 United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.069