A study of the rapid rotator ζ Aql: differential surface rotation?

Article

Howarth, Ian D., Bailey, Jeremy, Cotton, Daniel V. and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2023. "A study of the rapid rotator ζ Aql: differential surface rotation?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 520 (1), pp. 1193-1209. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad149
Article Title

A study of the rapid rotator ζ Aql: differential surface rotation?

ERA Journal ID1074
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsHowarth, Ian D., Bailey, Jeremy, Cotton, Daniel V. and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna
Journal TitleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Journal Citation520 (1), pp. 1193-1209
Number of Pages17
Year2023
PublisherOxford University Press
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0035-8711
1365-2966
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad149
Web Address (URL)https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/520/1/1193/6987700
AbstractWe report new, extremely precise photopolarimetry of the rapidly-rotating A0 main-sequence star ? Aql, covering the wavelength range ?400–900 nm, which reveals a rotationally-induced signal. We model the polarimetry, together with the flux distribution and line profiles, in the framework of Roche geometry with ?-model gravity darkening, to establish the stellar parameters. An additional constraint is provided by TESS photometry, which shows variability with a period, Pphot, of 11.1 h. Modelling based on solid-body surface rotation gives rotation periods, Prot, that are in only marginal agreement with this value. We compute new ESTER stellar-structure models to predict horizontal surface-velocity fields, which depart from solid-body rotation at only the ?2 per cent level (consistent with a reasonably strong empirical upper limit on differential rotation derived from the line-profile analysis). These models bring the equatorial rotation period, Prot(e), into agreement with Pphot, without requiring any ‘fine tuning’ (for the Gaia parallax). We confirm that surface abundances are significantly subsolar ([M/H] ? ?0.5). The star’s basic parameters are established with reasonably good precision: M = 2.53 ± 0.16 M?, log (L/L?) = 1.72± 0.02, Rp = 2.21 ± 0.02 R?, Teff = 9693 ± 50 K, i = 85+?75?, and ?e/?c = 0.95 ± 0.02. Comparison with single-star solar-abundance stellar-evolution models incorporating rotational effects shows excellent agreement (but somewhat poorer agreement for models at [M/H] ? ?0.4).
Keywordspolarization; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual : ζ Aql; stars: rotation
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020510109. Stellar astronomy and planetary systems
Public Notes

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2023 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Byline AffiliationsUniversity College London, United Kingdom
University of New South Wales
Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy, United States
Western Sydney University
Centre for Astrophysics
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Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tan, Xianyu, Lee, Manhoi, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Salter, G. S., Carter, B. D., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Wright, D., Crane, J. D., Schectman, S. A., Arriagada, P., Thompson, I., Minniti, D. and Diaz, M.. 2014. "A detailed analysis of the HD 73526 2:1 resonant planetary system." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 780 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/140
GJ 832c: a super-earth in the habitable zone
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tuomi, Mikko, Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Marshall, J. P., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J., Salter, G. S., O'Toole, S. J., Wright, D., Crane, J. D., Schectman, S. A., Arriagada, P., Thompson, I., Minniti, D., Jenkins, J. S. and Diaz, M.. 2014. "GJ 832c: a super-earth in the habitable zone." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 791 (2). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXIII. Two new Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., Tuomi, Mikko, Salter, G. S., Carter, B. D., Koch, F. Elliott, O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J. and Wright, D.. 2014. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXIII. Two new Jupiter analogs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 783 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/103
A high-sensitivity polarimeter using a ferro-electric liquid crystal modulator
Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Cotton, Daniel V., Bott, Kimberly, Hough, J. H. and Lucas, P. W.. 2015. "A high-sensitivity polarimeter using a ferro-electric liquid crystal modulator." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3), pp. 3064-3073. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv519
Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope
Zhou, G., Bayliss, D. D. R., Kedziora-Chudczer, L., Tinney, C. G., Bailey, J., Salter, G. and Rodriguez, J.. 2015. "Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (3), pp. 3002-3019. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2138
Signals embedded in the radial velocity noise: periodic variations in the tau Ceti velocities
Tuomi, M., Jones, H. R. A., Jenkins, J. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S, Barnes, J. R., Wittenmyer, R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Horner, J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Wright, D. J., Salter, G. S. and Pinfield, D.. 2013. "Signals embedded in the radial velocity noise: periodic variations in the tau Ceti velocities." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 551 (A79), pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220509
Forever alone? Testing single eccentric planetary systems for multiple companions
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Wang, Songhu, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Salter, G. S., Wright, D. and Zhou, Ji-Lin. 2013. "Forever alone? Testing single eccentric planetary systems for multiple companions." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/2
Atmospheric modelling for the removal of telluric features from infrared planetary spectra
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2014. "Atmospheric modelling for the removal of telluric features from infrared planetary spectra." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (1), pp. 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2465
Observing strategies for the detection of Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., Horner, J., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Salter, G. S. and Wright, D.. 2013. "Observing strategies for the detection of Jupiter analogs." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 125 (926), pp. 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1086/670680
Examining the Broadband Emission Spectrum of WASP-19b: A New z-band Eclipse Detection
Zhou, George, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bayliss, Daniel D. R. and Bailey, Jeremy. 2013. "Examining the Broadband Emission Spectrum of WASP-19b: A New z-band Eclipse Detection." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 774 (2), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/774/2/118
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXII. Two new multi-planet systems
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, J., Tuomi, Mikko, Salter, G. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Jenkins, J. S., Zhang, Z., Vogt, S. S. and Rivera, Eugenio J.. 2012. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXII. Two new multi-planet systems." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 753 (2), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/169
A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-earth in its habitable zone
Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Arriagada, Pamela, Vogt, Steven S., Rivera, Eugenio J., Butler, R. Paul, Crane, Jeffrey D., Shectman, Stephen A., Thompson, Ian B., Minniti, Dante, Haghighipour, Nader, Carter, Brad D., Tinney, C. G., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Bailey, Jeremy A., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, Hugh R. A. and Jenkins, James S.. 2012. "A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-earth in its habitable zone." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 751 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/751/1/L16
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XX. A solitary ice-giant planet orbiting HD 102365
Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., Wittenmyer, Robert A., O'Toole, Simon, Bailey, Jeremy and Carter, Brad D.. 2011. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XX. A solitary ice-giant planet orbiting HD 102365." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 727 (2), p. 103. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/103
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXI. A gas-giant planet in a one year orbit and the habitability of gas-giant satellites
Tinney, C. G., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., O'Toole, Simon J., Bailey, Jeremy A., Carter, Brad D. and Horner, J.. 2011. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXI. A gas-giant planet in a one year orbit and the habitability of gas-giant satellites." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 732 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/31
On the frequency of Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Butler, R. P., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2011. "On the frequency of Jupiter analogs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 727 (2), pp. 102:1-102:16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/102
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets III: toward η⊕ at short periods
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J. and Horner, J.. 2011. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets III: toward η⊕ at short periods." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 738 (1), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/81
A Jupiter-like planet orbiting the nearby M dwarf GJ 832
Bailey, Jeremy, Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., Jones, Hugh R. A., O'Toole, Simon, Carter, Brad D. and Marcy, Geoffrey W.. 2009. "A Jupiter-like planet orbiting the nearby M dwarf GJ 832." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 690 (1), pp. 743-747. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/743
Selection functions in doppler planet searches
O'Toole, S. J., Tinney, C. G., Jones, H. R. A., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2009. "Selection functions in doppler planet searches." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 392 (2), pp. 641-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14051.x
A Neptune-mass planet orbiting the nearby G dwarf HD 16417
O'Toole, Simon, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., Bailey, Jeremy, Carter, Brad D., Vogt, Steven S., Laughlin, Gregory and Rivera, Eugenio J.. 2009. "A Neptune-mass planet orbiting the nearby G dwarf HD 16417." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 697 (2), pp. 1263-1268. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1263
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets
O'Toole, S. J., Jones, H. R. A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J. and Wittenmyer, R. A.. 2009. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 701 (2), pp. 1732-1741. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1732
Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-Process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets
Bond, J. C., Lauretta, D. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., O'Toole, S. J. and Bailey, J.. 2008. "Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-Process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 682 (2), pp. 1234-1247. https://doi.org/10.1086/589236
High-eccentricity planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
Jones, Hugh R. A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, Chris G., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Carter, Brad D., Penny, Alan J., McCarthy, Chris and Bailey, Jeremy. 2006. "High-eccentricity planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 369 (1), pp. 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10298.x
The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD 73526
Tinney, Chris G., Butler, R. Paul, Marcy, Geoffrey W., Jones, Hugh R. A., Laughlin, Gregory, Carter, Brad D., Bailey, Jeremy and O'Toole, Simon J.. 2006. "The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD 73526." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 647 (1), pp. 594-599. https://doi.org/10.1086/503706
New planets around three G Dwarfs
O'Toole, Simon J., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, Chris G., Jones, Hugh R. A., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Carter, Brad, McCarthy, Chris, Bailey, Jeremy, Penny, Alan J., Apps, Kevin and Fischer, Debra A.. 2007. "New planets around three G Dwarfs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 660 (2), pp. 1636-1641. https://doi.org/10.1086/513563
A super-Earth and two Neptunes orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
Vogt, Steven S., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Butler, R. Paul, O'Toole, Simon, Henry, Gregory W., Rivera, Eugenio J., Meschiari, Stefano, Laughlin, Gregory, Tinney, C. G., Jones, Hugh R. A., Bailey, Jeremy, Carter, Brad D. and Batygin, Konstantin. 2010. "A super-Earth and two Neptunes orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 708 (2), pp. 1366-1375. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets. II. The 'period valley'
Wittenmyer, Robert A., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2010. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets. II. The 'period valley'." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 722 (2), pp. 1854-1863. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1854
A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star
Jones, Hugh R. A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., O'Toole, Simon, Wittenmyer, Rob, Henry, Gregory W., Meschiari, Stefano, Vogt, Steve, Rivera, Eugenio, Laughlin, Greg, Carter, Brad D., Bailey, Jeremy and Jenkins, James S.. 2010. "A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 403 (4), pp. 1703-1713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16232.x
Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT
Marcy, G. W., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S., Fischer, D. A., Wright, J. T., Johnson, J. A., Tinney, C. G., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J., O'Toole, S. J. and Upadhyay, S.. 2008. "Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT." Piskunov, Nikolai, Rickman, hans and Gustafsson, Bengt (ed.) Nobel Symposium 135: Physics of Planetary Systems. Stockholm, Sweden 18 - 22 Jun 2007 Bristol, United Kingdom. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014001