The Polarization of the Planet-Hosting WASP-18 System

Article


Bott, Kimberly, Bailey, Jeremy, Cotton, Daniel V., Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Marshall, Jonathan P. and Meadows, Victoria S.. 2018. "The Polarization of the Planet-Hosting WASP-18 System." The Astronomical Journal. 156 (6), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed20
Article Title

The Polarization of the Planet-Hosting WASP-18 System

ERA Journal ID1048
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBott, Kimberly, Bailey, Jeremy, Cotton, Daniel V., Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Marshall, Jonathan P. and Meadows, Victoria S.
Journal TitleThe Astronomical Journal
Journal Citation156 (6), pp. 1-16
Article Number293
Number of Pages16
Year2018
PublisherIOP Publishing
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0004-6256
1538-3881
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed20
Web Address (URL)https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed20
Abstract

We report observations of the linear polarization of the WASP-18 system, which harbors a massive (∼10 MJ) planet orbiting close to its star with an orbital period of 0.94 days. We find that the WASP-18 system is polarized at ∼200 parts-per-million (ppm), likely from the interstellar medium predominantly, with no strong evidence for phase-dependent modulation from reflected light from the planet. We set an upper limit of 40 ppm (99% confidence level) on the amplitude of a reflected polarized light planetary signal. We compare the results with models for a number of processes that may produce polarized light in a planetary system to determine whether we can rule out any phenomena with this limit. Models of reflected light from thick clouds can approach or exceed this limit, but such clouds are unlikely at the high temperature of the WASP-18b atmosphere. Additionally, we model the expected polarization resulting from the transit of the planet across the star and find that this has an amplitude of ∼1.6 ppm, which is well below our detection limits. We also model the polarization due to the tidal distortion of the star by the massive planet and find that this is also too small to be measured currently.

KeywordsPlanets and satellites: atmospheres; Planets and satellites: individual (WASP-18b); Polarization; Techniques: polarimetric
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 20205101. Astronomical sciences
Public Notes

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FunderNASA Astrobiology Institute
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Washington, United States
Virtual Planetary Laboratory, United States
University of New South Wales
Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Evidence for reflected light from the most eccentric exoplanet known
Kane, Stephen R., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Hinkel, Natalie R., Roy, Arpita, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Dragomir, Diana, Matthews, Jaymie M., Henry, Gregory W., Chakraborty, Abhijit, Boyajian, Tabetha S., Wright, Jason T., Ciardi, David R., Fischer, Debra A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., Carter, Brad D., Jones, Hugh R. A ., Bailey, Jeremy and O'Toole, Simon J.. 2016. "Evidence for reflected light from the most eccentric exoplanet known." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 821 (1). https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/65
Observations of the D/H ratio in Methane in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan - where did the Saturnian system form?
Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bailey, Jeremy and Horner, Jonathan. 2013. "Observations of the D/H ratio in Methane in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan - where did the Saturnian system form?" Short, Wayne and Cairns, Iver (ed.) 12th Australian Space Science Conference (ASSC 2012). Melbourne, Australia 24 - 26 Sep 2012 Sydney, Australia.
A high-precision polarimeter for small telescopes
Bailey, Jeremy, Cotton, Daniel V. and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2017. "A high-precision polarimeter for small telescopes." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465 (2), pp. 1601-1607. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2886
The 2 μm spectrum of the auroral emission in the polar regions of Jupiter
Kedziora-Chudczer, L., Cotton, D. V., Kedziora, D. J. and Bailey, J.. 2017. "The 2 μm spectrum of the auroral emission in the polar regions of Jupiter." Icarus. 294, pp. 156-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.04.029
Polarization due to rotational distortion in the bright star Regulus
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy, Howarth, Ian D., Bott, Kimberly, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Lucas, P. W. and Hough, J. H.. 2017. "Polarization due to rotational distortion in the bright star Regulus." Nature Astronomy. 1 (10), pp. 690-696. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0238-6
What you see and what you get: combining near-infrared spectroscopy with powder diffraction
Maynard-Casely, Helen E., Booth, Norman, Anderberg, Leo, Brand, Helen E. A. and Cotton, Daniel V.. 2017. "What you see and what you get: combining near-infrared spectroscopy with powder diffraction." Powder Diffraction. 32 (S2), pp. S3-S8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715617000884
The polarization of HD 189733
Bott, Kimberly, Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Cotton, Daniel V., Lucas, P. W., Marshall, Jonathan P. and Hough, J. H.. 2016. "The polarization of HD 189733." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 459 (1), pp. L109-L113. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw046
Polarization Measurements of Hot Dust Stars and the Local Interstellar Medium
Marshall, J. P., Cotton, D. V., Bott, K., Ertel, S., Kennedy, G. M., Wyatt, M. C., Del Burgo, C., Absil, O., Bailey, J. and Kedziora-Chudczer, L.. 2016. "Polarization Measurements of Hot Dust Stars and the Local Interstellar Medium." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 825 (2), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/124
The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bott, Kimberly, Lucas, P. W., Hough, J. H. and Marshall, Jonathan P.. 2016. "The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 455 (2), pp. 1607-1628. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2185
Erratum: The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bott, Kimberly, Lucas, P. W., Hough, J. H. and Marshall, Jonathan P.. 2016. "Erratum: The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 460 (1), p. 18. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw978
A detailed analysis of the HD 73526 2:1 resonant planetary system
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tan, Xianyu, Lee, Manhoi, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Salter, G. S., Carter, B. D., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Wright, D., Crane, J. D., Schectman, S. A., Arriagada, P., Thompson, I., Minniti, D. and Diaz, M.. 2014. "A detailed analysis of the HD 73526 2:1 resonant planetary system." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 780 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/140
GJ 832c: a super-earth in the habitable zone
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tuomi, Mikko, Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Marshall, J. P., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J., Salter, G. S., O'Toole, S. J., Wright, D., Crane, J. D., Schectman, S. A., Arriagada, P., Thompson, I., Minniti, D., Jenkins, J. S. and Diaz, M.. 2014. "GJ 832c: a super-earth in the habitable zone." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 791 (2). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXIII. Two new Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., Tuomi, Mikko, Salter, G. S., Carter, B. D., Koch, F. Elliott, O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J. and Wright, D.. 2014. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXIII. Two new Jupiter analogs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 783 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/103
A high-sensitivity polarimeter using a ferro-electric liquid crystal modulator
Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Cotton, Daniel V., Bott, Kimberly, Hough, J. H. and Lucas, P. W.. 2015. "A high-sensitivity polarimeter using a ferro-electric liquid crystal modulator." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3), pp. 3064-3073. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv519
Real poly(p-phenylene vinylene) features from near-field scanning optical lithography and the implications for further modelling
Cotton, Daniel V., Fell, Christopher J., Belcher, Warwick J. and Dastoor, Paul C.. 2015. "Real poly(p-phenylene vinylene) features from near-field scanning optical lithography and the implications for further modelling." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 48 (32), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/32/325101
Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope
Zhou, G., Bayliss, D. D. R., Kedziora-Chudczer, L., Tinney, C. G., Bailey, J., Salter, G. and Rodriguez, J.. 2015. "Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (3), pp. 3002-3019. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2138
Signals embedded in the radial velocity noise: periodic variations in the tau Ceti velocities
Tuomi, M., Jones, H. R. A., Jenkins, J. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S, Barnes, J. R., Wittenmyer, R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Horner, J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Wright, D. J., Salter, G. S. and Pinfield, D.. 2013. "Signals embedded in the radial velocity noise: periodic variations in the tau Ceti velocities." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 551 (A79), pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220509
Forever alone? Testing single eccentric planetary systems for multiple companions
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Wang, Songhu, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Salter, G. S., Wright, D. and Zhou, Ji-Lin. 2013. "Forever alone? Testing single eccentric planetary systems for multiple companions." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/2
Atmospheric modelling for the removal of telluric features from infrared planetary spectra
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2014. "Atmospheric modelling for the removal of telluric features from infrared planetary spectra." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (1), pp. 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2465
Observing strategies for the detection of Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., Horner, J., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Salter, G. S. and Wright, D.. 2013. "Observing strategies for the detection of Jupiter analogs." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 125 (926), pp. 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1086/670680
Examining the Broadband Emission Spectrum of WASP-19b: A New z-band Eclipse Detection
Zhou, George, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bayliss, Daniel D. R. and Bailey, Jeremy. 2013. "Examining the Broadband Emission Spectrum of WASP-19b: A New z-band Eclipse Detection." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 774 (2), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/774/2/118
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXII. Two new multi-planet systems
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, J., Tuomi, Mikko, Salter, G. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Jenkins, J. S., Zhang, Z., Vogt, S. S. and Rivera, Eugenio J.. 2012. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXII. Two new multi-planet systems." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 753 (2), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/169
A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-earth in its habitable zone
Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Arriagada, Pamela, Vogt, Steven S., Rivera, Eugenio J., Butler, R. Paul, Crane, Jeffrey D., Shectman, Stephen A., Thompson, Ian B., Minniti, Dante, Haghighipour, Nader, Carter, Brad D., Tinney, C. G., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Bailey, Jeremy A., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, Hugh R. A. and Jenkins, James S.. 2012. "A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-earth in its habitable zone." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 751 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/751/1/L16
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XX. A solitary ice-giant planet orbiting HD 102365
Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., Wittenmyer, Robert A., O'Toole, Simon, Bailey, Jeremy and Carter, Brad D.. 2011. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XX. A solitary ice-giant planet orbiting HD 102365." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 727 (2), p. 103. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/103
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXI. A gas-giant planet in a one year orbit and the habitability of gas-giant satellites
Tinney, C. G., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., O'Toole, Simon J., Bailey, Jeremy A., Carter, Brad D. and Horner, J.. 2011. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXI. A gas-giant planet in a one year orbit and the habitability of gas-giant satellites." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 732 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/31
On the frequency of Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Butler, R. P., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2011. "On the frequency of Jupiter analogs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 727 (2), pp. 102:1-102:16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/102
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets III: toward η⊕ at short periods
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J. and Horner, J.. 2011. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets III: toward η⊕ at short periods." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 738 (1), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/81
A Jupiter-like planet orbiting the nearby M dwarf GJ 832
Bailey, Jeremy, Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., Jones, Hugh R. A., O'Toole, Simon, Carter, Brad D. and Marcy, Geoffrey W.. 2009. "A Jupiter-like planet orbiting the nearby M dwarf GJ 832." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 690 (1), pp. 743-747. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/743
Selection functions in doppler planet searches
O'Toole, S. J., Tinney, C. G., Jones, H. R. A., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2009. "Selection functions in doppler planet searches." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 392 (2), pp. 641-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14051.x
A Neptune-mass planet orbiting the nearby G dwarf HD 16417
O'Toole, Simon, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., Bailey, Jeremy, Carter, Brad D., Vogt, Steven S., Laughlin, Gregory and Rivera, Eugenio J.. 2009. "A Neptune-mass planet orbiting the nearby G dwarf HD 16417." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 697 (2), pp. 1263-1268. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1263
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets
O'Toole, S. J., Jones, H. R. A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J. and Wittenmyer, R. A.. 2009. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 701 (2), pp. 1732-1741. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1732
Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-Process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets
Bond, J. C., Lauretta, D. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., O'Toole, S. J. and Bailey, J.. 2008. "Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-Process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 682 (2), pp. 1234-1247. https://doi.org/10.1086/589236
High-eccentricity planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
Jones, Hugh R. A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, Chris G., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Carter, Brad D., Penny, Alan J., McCarthy, Chris and Bailey, Jeremy. 2006. "High-eccentricity planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 369 (1), pp. 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10298.x
The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD 73526
Tinney, Chris G., Butler, R. Paul, Marcy, Geoffrey W., Jones, Hugh R. A., Laughlin, Gregory, Carter, Brad D., Bailey, Jeremy and O'Toole, Simon J.. 2006. "The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD 73526." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 647 (1), pp. 594-599. https://doi.org/10.1086/503706
New planets around three G Dwarfs
O'Toole, Simon J., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, Chris G., Jones, Hugh R. A., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Carter, Brad, McCarthy, Chris, Bailey, Jeremy, Penny, Alan J., Apps, Kevin and Fischer, Debra A.. 2007. "New planets around three G Dwarfs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 660 (2), pp. 1636-1641. https://doi.org/10.1086/513563
A super-Earth and two Neptunes orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
Vogt, Steven S., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Butler, R. Paul, O'Toole, Simon, Henry, Gregory W., Rivera, Eugenio J., Meschiari, Stefano, Laughlin, Gregory, Tinney, C. G., Jones, Hugh R. A., Bailey, Jeremy, Carter, Brad D. and Batygin, Konstantin. 2010. "A super-Earth and two Neptunes orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 708 (2), pp. 1366-1375. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets. II. The 'period valley'
Wittenmyer, Robert A., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2010. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets. II. The 'period valley'." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 722 (2), pp. 1854-1863. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1854
A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star
Jones, Hugh R. A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., O'Toole, Simon, Wittenmyer, Rob, Henry, Gregory W., Meschiari, Stefano, Vogt, Steve, Rivera, Eugenio, Laughlin, Greg, Carter, Brad D., Bailey, Jeremy and Jenkins, James S.. 2010. "A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 403 (4), pp. 1703-1713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16232.x
Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT
Marcy, G. W., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S., Fischer, D. A., Wright, J. T., Johnson, J. A., Tinney, C. G., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J., O'Toole, S. J. and Upadhyay, S.. 2008. "Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT." Piskunov, Nikolai, Rickman, hans and Gustafsson, Bengt (ed.) Nobel Symposium 135: Physics of Planetary Systems. Stockholm, Sweden 18 - 22 Jun 2007 Bristol, United Kingdom. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014001