ϵ Sagittarii: An Extreme Rapid Rotator with a Decretion Disk

Article

Bailey, Jeremy, Lewis, Fiona, Howarth, Ian D., Cotton, Daniel V., Marshall, Jonathan P. and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2024. "ϵ Sagittarii: An Extreme Rapid Rotator with a Decretion Disk." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 972 (1). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad630b
Article Title

ϵ Sagittarii: An Extreme Rapid Rotator with a Decretion Disk

ERA Journal ID1057
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBailey, Jeremy, Lewis, Fiona, Howarth, Ian D., Cotton, Daniel V., Marshall, Jonathan P. and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna
Journal TitleThe Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics
Journal Citation972 (1)
Article Number103
Number of Pages14
Year2024
PublisherIOP Publishing
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0004-637X
1538-4357
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad630b
Web Address (URL)https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad630b
Abstract

We report high-precision, multiwavelength linear-polarization observations of the bright B9 (or A0) star
ϵ Sagittarii. The polarization shows the distinctive wavelength dependence expected for a rapidly rotating star.
Analysis of the polarization data reveals an angular rotation rate ω (=Ω/Ωcrit) of 0.995 or greater, the highest yet
measured for a star in our Galaxy. An additional wavelength-independent polarization component is attributed to
electron scattering in a low-density, edge-on gas disk that also produces the narrow absorption components seen in
the spectrum. Several properties of the star (polarization due to a disk, occasional weak Hα emission, and multiple
periodicities seen in space photometry) resemble those of Be stars, but the level of activity in all cases is much
lower than that of typical Be stars. The stellar properties are inconsistent with single-rotating-star evolutionary
tracks, indicating that it is most likely a product of binary interaction. The star is an excellent candidate for
observation by interferometry, optical spectropolarimetry to detect the Öhman effect, and ultraviolet polarimetry,
any of which would allow its extreme rotation to be tested and its stellar properties to be refined.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Polarimetry (1278); Stellar rotation (1629); Circumstellar d

KeywordsStellar rotation; Circumstellar disks; Polarimetry
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 20205101. Astronomical sciences
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of New South Wales
University College London, United Kingdom
Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy, United States
Western Sydney University
Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taiwan
Centre for Astrophysics
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Evidence for reflected light from the most eccentric exoplanet known
Kane, Stephen R., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Hinkel, Natalie R., Roy, Arpita, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Dragomir, Diana, Matthews, Jaymie M., Henry, Gregory W., Chakraborty, Abhijit, Boyajian, Tabetha S., Wright, Jason T., Ciardi, David R., Fischer, Debra A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., Carter, Brad D., Jones, Hugh R. A ., Bailey, Jeremy and O'Toole, Simon J.. 2016. "Evidence for reflected light from the most eccentric exoplanet known." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 821 (1). https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/65
Observations of the D/H ratio in Methane in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan - where did the Saturnian system form?
Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bailey, Jeremy and Horner, Jonathan. 2013. "Observations of the D/H ratio in Methane in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan - where did the Saturnian system form?" Short, Wayne and Cairns, Iver (ed.) 12th Australian Space Science Conference (ASSC 2012). Melbourne, Australia 24 - 26 Sep 2012 Sydney, Australia.
A high-precision polarimeter for small telescopes
Bailey, Jeremy, Cotton, Daniel V. and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2017. "A high-precision polarimeter for small telescopes." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465 (2), pp. 1601-1607. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2886
The 2 μm spectrum of the auroral emission in the polar regions of Jupiter
Kedziora-Chudczer, L., Cotton, D. V., Kedziora, D. J. and Bailey, J.. 2017. "The 2 μm spectrum of the auroral emission in the polar regions of Jupiter." Icarus. 294, pp. 156-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.04.029
Polarization due to rotational distortion in the bright star Regulus
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy, Howarth, Ian D., Bott, Kimberly, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Lucas, P. W. and Hough, J. H.. 2017. "Polarization due to rotational distortion in the bright star Regulus." Nature Astronomy. 1 (10), pp. 690-696. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0238-6
The polarization of HD 189733
Bott, Kimberly, Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Cotton, Daniel V., Lucas, P. W., Marshall, Jonathan P. and Hough, J. H.. 2016. "The polarization of HD 189733." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 459 (1), pp. L109-L113. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw046
Polarization Measurements of Hot Dust Stars and the Local Interstellar Medium
Marshall, J. P., Cotton, D. V., Bott, K., Ertel, S., Kennedy, G. M., Wyatt, M. C., Del Burgo, C., Absil, O., Bailey, J. and Kedziora-Chudczer, L.. 2016. "Polarization Measurements of Hot Dust Stars and the Local Interstellar Medium." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 825 (2), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/124
The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bott, Kimberly, Lucas, P. W., Hough, J. H. and Marshall, Jonathan P.. 2016. "The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 455 (2), pp. 1607-1628. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2185
Erratum: The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bott, Kimberly, Lucas, P. W., Hough, J. H. and Marshall, Jonathan P.. 2016. "Erratum: The linear polarization of Southern bright stars measured at the parts-per-million level." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 460 (1), p. 18. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw978
A detailed analysis of the HD 73526 2:1 resonant planetary system
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tan, Xianyu, Lee, Manhoi, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Salter, G. S., Carter, B. D., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Wright, D., Crane, J. D., Schectman, S. A., Arriagada, P., Thompson, I., Minniti, D. and Diaz, M.. 2014. "A detailed analysis of the HD 73526 2:1 resonant planetary system." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 780 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/140
GJ 832c: a super-earth in the habitable zone
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tuomi, Mikko, Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Marshall, J. P., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J., Salter, G. S., O'Toole, S. J., Wright, D., Crane, J. D., Schectman, S. A., Arriagada, P., Thompson, I., Minniti, D., Jenkins, J. S. and Diaz, M.. 2014. "GJ 832c: a super-earth in the habitable zone." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 791 (2). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXIII. Two new Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., Tuomi, Mikko, Salter, G. S., Carter, B. D., Koch, F. Elliott, O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J. and Wright, D.. 2014. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXIII. Two new Jupiter analogs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 783 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/103
A high-sensitivity polarimeter using a ferro-electric liquid crystal modulator
Bailey, Jeremy, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Cotton, Daniel V., Bott, Kimberly, Hough, J. H. and Lucas, P. W.. 2015. "A high-sensitivity polarimeter using a ferro-electric liquid crystal modulator." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3), pp. 3064-3073. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv519
Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope
Zhou, G., Bayliss, D. D. R., Kedziora-Chudczer, L., Tinney, C. G., Bailey, J., Salter, G. and Rodriguez, J.. 2015. "Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (3), pp. 3002-3019. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2138
Signals embedded in the radial velocity noise: periodic variations in the tau Ceti velocities
Tuomi, M., Jones, H. R. A., Jenkins, J. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S, Barnes, J. R., Wittenmyer, R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Horner, J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Wright, D. J., Salter, G. S. and Pinfield, D.. 2013. "Signals embedded in the radial velocity noise: periodic variations in the tau Ceti velocities." Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal. 551 (A79), pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220509
Forever alone? Testing single eccentric planetary systems for multiple companions
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Wang, Songhu, Horner, Jonathan, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Salter, G. S., Wright, D. and Zhou, Ji-Lin. 2013. "Forever alone? Testing single eccentric planetary systems for multiple companions." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/2
Atmospheric modelling for the removal of telluric features from infrared planetary spectra
Cotton, Daniel V., Bailey, Jeremy and Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna. 2014. "Atmospheric modelling for the removal of telluric features from infrared planetary spectra." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (1), pp. 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2465
Observing strategies for the detection of Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., Horner, J., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Salter, G. S. and Wright, D.. 2013. "Observing strategies for the detection of Jupiter analogs." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 125 (926), pp. 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1086/670680
Examining the Broadband Emission Spectrum of WASP-19b: A New z-band Eclipse Detection
Zhou, George, Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna, Bayliss, Daniel D. R. and Bailey, Jeremy. 2013. "Examining the Broadband Emission Spectrum of WASP-19b: A New z-band Eclipse Detection." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 774 (2), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/774/2/118
The Parkes observatory pulsar data archive
Hobbs, G., Miller, D., Manchester, R. N., Dempsey, J., Chapman, J. M., Khoo, J., Applegate, J., Bailes, M., Bhat, N. D. R., Bridle, R., Borg, A., Brown, A., Burnett, C., Camilo, F., Cattalini, C., Chaudhary, A., Chen, R., D'Amico, N., Kedziora-Chudczer, L., ..., Wilson, G.. 2013. "The Parkes observatory pulsar data archive." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 28 (3), pp. 202-214. https://doi.org/10.1071/AS11016
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXII. Two new multi-planet systems
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, J., Tuomi, Mikko, Salter, G. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Jones, H. R. A., O'Toole, S. J., Bailey, J., Carter, B. D., Jenkins, J. S., Zhang, Z., Vogt, S. S. and Rivera, Eugenio J.. 2012. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXII. Two new multi-planet systems." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 753 (2), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/169
A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-earth in its habitable zone
Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Arriagada, Pamela, Vogt, Steven S., Rivera, Eugenio J., Butler, R. Paul, Crane, Jeffrey D., Shectman, Stephen A., Thompson, Ian B., Minniti, Dante, Haghighipour, Nader, Carter, Brad D., Tinney, C. G., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Bailey, Jeremy A., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, Hugh R. A. and Jenkins, James S.. 2012. "A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-earth in its habitable zone." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 751 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/751/1/L16
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XX. A solitary ice-giant planet orbiting HD 102365
Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., Wittenmyer, Robert A., O'Toole, Simon, Bailey, Jeremy and Carter, Brad D.. 2011. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XX. A solitary ice-giant planet orbiting HD 102365." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 727 (2), p. 103. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/103
The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXI. A gas-giant planet in a one year orbit and the habitability of gas-giant satellites
Tinney, C. G., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., O'Toole, Simon J., Bailey, Jeremy A., Carter, Brad D. and Horner, J.. 2011. "The Anglo-Australian planet search. XXI. A gas-giant planet in a one year orbit and the habitability of gas-giant satellites." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 732 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/31
On the frequency of Jupiter analogs
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Butler, R. P., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2011. "On the frequency of Jupiter analogs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 727 (2), pp. 102:1-102:16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/102
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets III: toward η⊕ at short periods
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J. and Horner, J.. 2011. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets III: toward η⊕ at short periods." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 738 (1), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/81
A Jupiter-like planet orbiting the nearby M dwarf GJ 832
Bailey, Jeremy, Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., Jones, Hugh R. A., O'Toole, Simon, Carter, Brad D. and Marcy, Geoffrey W.. 2009. "A Jupiter-like planet orbiting the nearby M dwarf GJ 832." The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 690 (1), pp. 743-747. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/743
Selection functions in doppler planet searches
O'Toole, S. J., Tinney, C. G., Jones, H. R. A., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2009. "Selection functions in doppler planet searches." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 392 (2), pp. 641-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14051.x
A Neptune-mass planet orbiting the nearby G dwarf HD 16417
O'Toole, Simon, Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. Paul, Jones, Hugh R. A., Bailey, Jeremy, Carter, Brad D., Vogt, Steven S., Laughlin, Gregory and Rivera, Eugenio J.. 2009. "A Neptune-mass planet orbiting the nearby G dwarf HD 16417." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 697 (2), pp. 1263-1268. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1263
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets
O'Toole, S. J., Jones, H. R. A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J. and Wittenmyer, R. A.. 2009. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 701 (2), pp. 1732-1741. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1732
Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-Process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets
Bond, J. C., Lauretta, D. S., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., O'Toole, S. J. and Bailey, J.. 2008. "Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-Process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 682 (2), pp. 1234-1247. https://doi.org/10.1086/589236
High-eccentricity planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
Jones, Hugh R. A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, Chris G., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Carter, Brad D., Penny, Alan J., McCarthy, Chris and Bailey, Jeremy. 2006. "High-eccentricity planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 369 (1), pp. 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10298.x
The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD 73526
Tinney, Chris G., Butler, R. Paul, Marcy, Geoffrey W., Jones, Hugh R. A., Laughlin, Gregory, Carter, Brad D., Bailey, Jeremy and O'Toole, Simon J.. 2006. "The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD 73526." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 647 (1), pp. 594-599. https://doi.org/10.1086/503706
New planets around three G Dwarfs
O'Toole, Simon J., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, Chris G., Jones, Hugh R. A., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Carter, Brad, McCarthy, Chris, Bailey, Jeremy, Penny, Alan J., Apps, Kevin and Fischer, Debra A.. 2007. "New planets around three G Dwarfs." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 660 (2), pp. 1636-1641. https://doi.org/10.1086/513563
A super-Earth and two Neptunes orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
Vogt, Steven S., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Butler, R. Paul, O'Toole, Simon, Henry, Gregory W., Rivera, Eugenio J., Meschiari, Stefano, Laughlin, Gregory, Tinney, C. G., Jones, Hugh R. A., Bailey, Jeremy, Carter, Brad D. and Batygin, Konstantin. 2010. "A super-Earth and two Neptunes orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 708 (2), pp. 1366-1375. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366
The frequency of low-mass exoplanets. II. The 'period valley'
Wittenmyer, Robert A., O'Toole, Simon J., Jones, H. R. A., Tinney, C. G., Butler, R. P., Carter, B. D. and Bailey, J.. 2010. "The frequency of low-mass exoplanets. II. The 'period valley'." The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics. 722 (2), pp. 1854-1863. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1854
A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star
Jones, Hugh R. A., Butler, R. Paul, Tinney, C. G., O'Toole, Simon, Wittenmyer, Rob, Henry, Gregory W., Meschiari, Stefano, Vogt, Steve, Rivera, Eugenio, Laughlin, Greg, Carter, Brad D., Bailey, Jeremy and Jenkins, James S.. 2010. "A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 403 (4), pp. 1703-1713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16232.x
Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT
Marcy, G. W., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S., Fischer, D. A., Wright, J. T., Johnson, J. A., Tinney, C. G., Jones, H. R. A., Carter, B. D., Bailey, J., O'Toole, S. J. and Upadhyay, S.. 2008. "Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT." Piskunov, Nikolai, Rickman, hans and Gustafsson, Bengt (ed.) Nobel Symposium 135: Physics of Planetary Systems. Stockholm, Sweden 18 - 22 Jun 2007 Bristol, United Kingdom. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014001