Precipitation Concentration Variability and Its Association with Geographical Factors and ENSO Over Nepal from 1990 to 2020
Article
Lamichhane, Dipendra, Bao, Qing, Dhital, Yam Prasad, Devkota, Rohini, Bhattarai, Utsav, Nepal, Bikash, Pokhare, Ashok Kumar and Dawadi, Binod. 2024. "Precipitation Concentration Variability and Its Association with Geographical Factors and ENSO Over Nepal from 1990 to 2020." Earth Systems and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00461-6
| Article Title | Precipitation Concentration Variability and Its Association with Geographical Factors and ENSO Over Nepal from 1990 to 2020 |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 212310 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Lamichhane, Dipendra, Bao, Qing, Dhital, Yam Prasad, Devkota, Rohini, Bhattarai, Utsav, Nepal, Bikash, Pokhare, Ashok Kumar and Dawadi, Binod |
| Journal Title | Earth Systems and Environment |
| Number of Pages | 17 |
| Year | 2024 |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Place of Publication | Switzerland |
| ISSN | 2509-9426 |
| 2509-9434 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00461-6 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41748-024-00461-6 |
| Abstract | Nepal has a unique physiographical heterogeneity inducing high precipitation variability. In the context of changing climate, a better understanding of such variability of precipitation poses considerable significance. This study investigates the spatio-temporal variation of precipitation and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) by analyzing monthly data from 79 meteorological stations across Nepal from 1990 to 2020. Mann–Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope tests were applied to determine the trends of precipitation and PCI. The influence of large atmospheric circulation patterns on precipitation and PCI was also evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Additionally, the study examined the relationship of five geographical factors, namely, longitude, latitude, elevation, slope, and aspect with PCI. Results show that the annual PCI values range from 14.06 (moderate) to 25.34 (strongly irregular). Notably, lowland regions exhibit higher precipitation irregularity compared to the hilly and mountainous areas. Annual precipitation is declining at an average rate of 4.98 mm per year, while annual PCI is increasing at 0.53 per decade across the country. The correlation between precipitation and Niño 3.4 index is found significantly (p < 0.05) negative over most parts of Nepal. Additionally, PCI and the absolute Niño 3.4 index were seen to have a significant negative correlation. This study further demonstrates a strong positive association between the PCI and sea surface temperature across maritime continents. Likewise, there is a significant negative correlation between elevation (-0.59) and slope (-0.29) with PCI. These valuable insights hold practical significance for disaster preparedness, water resource management, and agriculture planning in Nepal. |
| Keywords | Precipitation concentration index; Climatic variability; Trend analysis; Niño 3.4; Nepal |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 3702. Climate change science |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | Chinese Academy of Sciences, China |
| Shihezi University, China | |
| Toowoomba Regional Council, Australia | |
| Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment | |
| Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal | |
| Lanzhou University, China | |
| Tribhuvan University, Nepal |
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