Nepal Himalaya offers considerable potential for pumped storage hydropower

Article

Baniya, Rupesh, Talchabhadel, Rocky, Panthi, Jeeban, Ghimire, Ganesh R, Sharma, Sanjib, Khadka, Prithvi Dhwoj, Shin, Sanghoon, Pokhrel, Yadu, Bhattarai, Utsav, Prajapati, Rajaram, Thapa, Bhesh Raj and Maskey, Ramesh Kumar. 2023. "Nepal Himalaya offers considerable potential for pumped storage hydropower." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103423
Article Title

Nepal Himalaya offers considerable potential for pumped storage hydropower

ERA Journal ID211399
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBaniya, Rupesh, Talchabhadel, Rocky, Panthi, Jeeban, Ghimire, Ganesh R, Sharma, Sanjib, Khadka, Prithvi Dhwoj, Shin, Sanghoon, Pokhrel, Yadu, Bhattarai, Utsav, Prajapati, Rajaram, Thapa, Bhesh Raj and Maskey, Ramesh Kumar
Journal TitleSustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
Journal Citation60
Article Number103423
Number of Pages10
Year2023
ISSN2213-1388
2213-1396
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103423
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213138823004162
AbstractThere is a pressing need for a transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy to meet the increasing energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Himalayan region, with its unique topography and abundant water resources, offers substantial renewable energy potential, particularly through hydropower generation. However, the current exploitation rate is low owing to the predominance of run-of-river hydropower systems to support the power system. The utility-scale storage facility is crucial in the load scenario of an integrated power system to manage diurnal variation, peak demand, and penetration of intermittent energy sources. In this study, we assess the potential of pumped storage hydropower across Nepal, a central Himalayan country, under multiple configurations by pairing lakes, rivers, and available flat terrains. We then identify technically feasible pairs from those of potential locations. Infrastructural, environmental, operational, and other technical constraints govern the choice of feasible locations. We show that 42% of the theoretical potential of 3000 GWh is technically feasible. We find the flat land-to-river configuration more promising than other configurations. Our findings provide insight into the potential of pumped storage hydropower and are of practical importance in planning sustainable power systems in the Himalayas and beyond.
KeywordsElectricity; Hydropower; Renewable energy ; Integrated power system ; Pumped storage hydropower
ANZSRC Field of Research 20203707. Hydrology
Public Notes

The accessible file is the accepted version of the paper. Please refer to the URL for the published version.

Byline AffiliationsTribhuvan University, Nepal
Jackson State University, United States
Kansas State University, United States
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States
Howard University, United States
Dresden University of Technology, Germany
University of Maryland, United States
Michigan State University, United States
Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Pokhara University, Nepal
Kathmandu University, Nepal
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Simpson, Jeffrey D., Martell, Sarah L., Da Costa, Gary, Casey, Andrew R., Freeman, Ken C., Horner, Jonathan, Ting, Yuan-Sen, Nataf, David M., Lewis, Geraint F., Ness, Melissa K., Zucker, Daniel B., Cottrell, Peter L., Cotar, Klemen, Asplund, Martin, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Buder, Sven, D'Orazi, Valentina, de Silva, Gayandhi M., Duong, Ly, ..., Nordlander, Thomas. 2019. "The GALAH survey: co-orbiting stars and chemical tagging." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482 (4), pp. 5302-5315. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3042
The GALAH survey: velocity fluctuations in the Milky Way using red clump giants
Khanna, Shourya, Sharma, Sanjib, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Hayden, Michael, Nataf, David M., Ting, Yuan-Sen, Kos, Janez, Martell, Sarah, Zwitter, Tomaz, de Silva, Gayandhi, Asplund, Martin, Buder, Sven, Duong, Ly, Lin, Jane, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Anguiano, Borja, Horner, Jonathan, Kafle, Prajwal R., Lewis, Geraint F., ..., Zucker, Daniel B.. 2019. "The GALAH survey: velocity fluctuations in the Milky Way using red clump giants." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482 (3), pp. 4215-4232. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2924
The GALAH survey: a catalog of carbon enhanced stars and CEMP candidates
Cotar, Klemen, Zwitter, Tomaz, Kos, Janez, Munari, Ulisse, Martell, Sarah L., Asplund, Martin, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, de Silva, Gayandhi M., Freeman, Kenneth C., Sharma, Sanjib, Anguiano, Borja, Carollo, Daniela, Horner, Jonathan, Lewis, Geraint F., Nataf, David M., Nordlander, Thomas, Stello, Denis, Ting, Yuan-Sen, Tinney, Chris, ..., Wittenmyer, Rob A.. 2019. "The GALAH survey: a catalog of carbon enhanced stars and CEMP candidates." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 483 (3), pp. 3196-3212. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3155
The GALAH survey: properties of the Galactic disc(s) in the solar neighbourhood
Duong, L., Freeman, K. C., Asplund, M., Casagrande, L., Buder, S., Lind, K., Ness, M., Bland-Hawthorn, J., de Silva, G. M., D'Orazi, V., Kos, J., Lewis, G. F., Lin, J., Martell, S. L., Schlesinger, K., Sharma, S., Simpson, J. D., Zucker, D. B., Zwitter, T., ..., Wyse, R. F. G.. 2018. "The GALAH survey: properties of the Galactic disc(s) in the solar neighbourhood." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (4), pp. 5216-5232. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty525
The GALAH survey: stellar streams and how stellar velocity distributions vary with Galactic longitude, hemisphere, and metallicity
Quillen, Alice C., de Silva, Gayandhi, Sharma, Sanjib, Hayden, Michael, Freeman, Ken, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Zerjal, Marusa, Asplund, Martin, Buder, Sven, D'Orazi, Valentina, Duong, Ly, Kos, Janez, Lin, Jane, Lind, Karin, Martell, Sarah, Schlesinger, Katharine, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Zucker, Daniel B., Zwitter, Tomaz, ..., Wyse, Rosemary. 2018. "The GALAH survey: stellar streams and how stellar velocity distributions vary with Galactic longitude, hemisphere, and metallicity." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478 (12), pp. 228-254. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty865
The GALAH survey and Gaia DR2:(non-)existence of five sparse high-latitude open clusters
Kos, Janez, de Silva, Gayandhi, Buder, Sven, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Sharma, Sanjib, Asplund, Martin, D'Orazi, Valentina, Duong, Ly, Freeman, Ken, Lewis, Geraint F., Lin, Jane, Lind, Karin, Martell, Sarah L., Schlesinger, Katharine J., Simpson, Jeffrey D., Zucker, Daniel B., Zwitter, Tomaz, Bedding, Timothy R., Cotar, Klemen, ..., Traven, Gregor. 2018. "The GALAH survey and Gaia DR2:(non-)existence of five sparse high-latitude open clusters." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 480 (4), pp. 5242-5259. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2171
Holistic spectroscopy: complete reconstruction of a wide-field, multiobject spectroscopic image using a photonic comb
Kos, Janez, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Betters, Christopher H., Leon-Saval, Sergio, Asplund, Martin, Buder, Sven, Casey, Andrew R., D'Orazi, Valentina, de Silva, Gayandhi, Freeman, Ken, Lewis, Geraint, Lin, Jane, Martell, Sarah L., Schlesinger, Katharine, Sharma, Sanjib, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Zucker, Daniel, Zwitter, Tomaz, Hayden, Michael, ..., Ting, Yuan-Sen. 2018. "Holistic spectroscopy: complete reconstruction of a wide-field, multiobject spectroscopic image using a photonic comb." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 480 (4), pp. 5475-5494. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2175
The GALAH survey: accurate radial velocities and library of observed stellar template spectra
Zwitter, Tomaz, Kos, Janez, Chiavassa, Andrea, Buder, Sven, Traven, Gregor, Cotar, Klemen, Lin, Jane, Asplund, Martin, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Casey, Andrew R., de Silva, Gayandhi, Duong, Ly, Freeman, Kenneth C., Lind, Karin, Martell, Sarah, D'Orazi, Valentina, Schlesinger, Katharine J., Simpson, Jeffrey D., Sharma, Sanjib, ..., Zerjal, Marusa. 2018. "The GALAH survey: accurate radial velocities and library of observed stellar template spectra." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (1), pp. 645-654. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2293
The GALAH survey: verifying abundance trends in the open cluster M67 using non-LTE modelling
Gao, Xudong, Lind, Karin, Amarsi, Anish M., Buder, Sven, Dotter, Aaron, Nordlander, Thomas, Asplund, Martin, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, de Silva, Gayandhi M., D'Orazi, Valentina, Freeman, Ken C., Kos, Janez, Lewis, Geraint F., Lin, Jane, Martell, Sarah L., Schlesinger, Katharine J., Sharma, Sanjib, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Zucker, Daniel B., ..., Ting, Yuan-Sen. 2018. "The GALAH survey: verifying abundance trends in the open cluster M67 using non-LTE modelling." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (2), pp. 2666-2684. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2414
The GALAH survey: chemical tagging of star clusters and new members in the Pleiades
Kos, Janez, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Freeman, Ken, Buder, Sven, Traven, Gregor, de Silva, Gayandhi M., Sharma, Sanjib, Asplund, Martin, Duong, Ly, Lin, Jane, Lind, Karin, Martell, Sarah, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Stello, Dennis, Zucker, Daniel B., Zwitter, Tomaz, Anguiano, Borja, Da Costa, Gary, D'Orazi, Valentina, ..., Wyse, Rosemary. 2018. "The GALAH survey: chemical tagging of star clusters and new members in the Pleiades." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 473 (4), pp. 4612-4633. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2637
The K2-HERMES Survey. I. Planet-candidate Properties from K2 Campaigns 1–3
Wittenmyer, Robert A., Sharma, Sanjib, Stello, Dennis, Buder, Sven, Kos, Janez, Asplund, Martin, Duong, Ly, Lin, Jane, Lind, Karin, Ness, Melissa, Zwitter, Tomaz, Horner, Jonathan, Clark, Jake, Kane, Stephen R., Huber, Daniel, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Casey, Andrew R., de Silva, Gayandhi M., D’Orazi, Valentina, ..., Wright, Duncan. 2018. "The K2-HERMES Survey. I. Planet-candidate Properties from K2 Campaigns 1–3." The Astronomical Journal. 155 (2), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaa3e4
The GALAH survey: the data reduction pipeline
Kos, Janez, Lin, Jane, Zwitter, Tomaz, Zerjal, Maruska, Sharma, Sanjib, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Asplund, Martin, Casey, Andrew R., de Silva, Gayandhi M., Freeman, Ken C., Martell, Sarah L., Simpson, Jeffrey D., Schlesinger, Katharine J., Zucker, Daniel, Anguiano, Borja, Bacigalupo, Carlos, Bedding, Timothy R., Betters, Christopher, Da Costa, Gary, ..., Wittenmyer, Robert A.. 2017. "The GALAH survey: the data reduction pipeline." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 464 (2), pp. 1259-1281. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2064
The GALAH survey: observational overview and Gaia DR1 companion
Martell, S. L., Sharma, S., Buder, S., Duong, L., Schlesinger, K. J., Simpson, J., Lind, K., Ness, M., Marshall, J. P., Asplund, M., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Casey, A. R., de Silva, G., Freeman, K. C., Kos, J., Lin, J., Zucker, D. B., Zwitter, T., Anguiano, B., ..., Wittenmyer, R.. 2017. "The GALAH survey: observational overview and Gaia DR1 companion." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465 (3), pp. 3203-3219. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2835
The Galah survey: classification and diagnostics with t-SNE reduction of spectral information
Traven, G., Matijevic, G., Zwitter, T., Zerjal, M., Kos, J., Asplund, M., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Casey, A. R., de Silva, G., Freeman, K., Lin, J., Martell, S. L., Schlesinger, K. J., Sharma, S., Simpson, J. D., Zucker, D. B., Anguiano, B., Da Costa, G., Duong, L., ..., Ting, Y.-S.. 2017. "The Galah survey: classification and diagnostics with t-SNE reduction of spectral information." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 228 (2), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/228/2/24
The GALAH survey: scientific motivation
de Silva, G. M., Freeman, K. C., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Martell, S., Wylie de Boer, E., Asplund, M., Keller, S., Sharma, S., Zucker, D. B., Zwitter, T., Anguiano, B., Lewis, G. F., Stello, D., Bayliss, D., Casagrande, L., Da Costa, G., Cannon, R., Duong, L., Ireland, M. J., ..., Munari, U.. 2015. "The GALAH survey: scientific motivation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3), pp. 2604-2617. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv327
The GALAH survey: relative throughputs of the 2dF fibre positioner and the HERMES spectrograph from stellar targets
Simpson, Jeffrey D., de Silva, G. M., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Freeman, K. C., Martell, S. L., Schlesinger, Katharine J., Sharma, Sanjib, Zucker, D. B., Zwitter, T., Kos, J., Anguiano, Borja, Nataf, David M., Reid, Warren and Wittenmyer, Robert A.. 2016. "The GALAH survey: relative throughputs of the 2dF fibre positioner and the HERMES spectrograph from stellar targets." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 459 (1), pp. 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw746
The radial velocity experiment (RAVE): third data release
Siebert, A., Williams, M. E. K., Siviero, A., Reid, W., Boeche, C., Steinmetz, M., Fulbright, J., Munari, U., Zwitter, T., Watson, F. G., Wyse, R. F. G., De Jong, R. S., Enke, H., Anguiano, B., Burton, D., Cass, C. J. C., Fiegert, K., Hartley, M., Ritter, A., ..., Wylie-De Boer, E.. 2011. "The radial velocity experiment (RAVE): third data release." The Astronomical Journal. 141 (6), pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/141/6/187
The radial velocity experiment (RAVE): fourth data release
Kordopatis, G., Gilmore, G., Steinmetz, M., Boeche, C., Seabroke, G. M., Zwitter, T., Binney, J., Siebert, A., De Laverny, P., Recio-Blanco, A., Williams, M. E. K., Piffl, T., Enke, H., Roeser, S., Bijaoui, A., Wyse, R. F. G., Freeman, K., Munari, U., Carrillo, I., ..., Zerjal, M.. 2013. "The radial velocity experiment (RAVE): fourth data release." The Astronomical Journal. 146 (5), p. 134. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/146/5/134
Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the Gandaki River Basin of Nepal Himalaya
Panthi, Jeeban, Dahal, Piyush, Shrestha, Madan Lall, Aryal, Suman, Krakauer, Nir Y., Pradhanang, Soni M., Lakhankar, Tarendra, Jha, Ajay K., Sharma, Mohan and Karki, Ramchandra. 2015. "Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the Gandaki River Basin of Nepal Himalaya ." Climate. 3 (1), pp. 210-226. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli3010210
Livelihood vulnerability approach to assessing climate change impacts on mixed agro-livestock smallholders around the Gandaki River Basin in Nepal
Panthi, Jeeban, Aryal, Suman, Dahal, Piyush, Bhandari, Parashuram, Krakauer, Nir Y. and Pandey, Vishnu Prasad. 2016. "Livelihood vulnerability approach to assessing climate change impacts on mixed agro-livestock smallholders around the Gandaki River Basin in Nepal." Regional Environmental Change. 16 (4), pp. 1121-1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0833-y