Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program: A Social Return on Investment Analysis Value for Money of the Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program

Article

Edmunds, Kim, Wang, Yufan, Sara, Sally, Riley, Bernie, Heneka, Nicole and Tuffaha, Haitham. 2025. "Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program: A Social Return on Investment Analysis Value for Money of the Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program." Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer. 34 (5). https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.70181
Article Title

Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program: A Social Return on Investment Analysis Value for Money of the Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program

ERA Journal ID6624
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsEdmunds, Kim, Wang, Yufan, Sara, Sally, Riley, Bernie, Heneka, Nicole and Tuffaha, Haitham
Journal TitlePsycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer
Journal Citation34 (5)
Article Numbere70181
Number of Pages14
Year2025
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1057-9249
1099-1611
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.70181
Web Address (URL)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pon.70181
Abstract

Background
In Australia, Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high survival rate (96%) meaning men with PCa may live with the impact of the disease for many years, even decades. The Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (PCFA) manages two Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing (PCSN) programs: (1) A health service-based program and (2) A telenursing service. There is a paucity of economic evidence regarding the benefits of these programs so Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodology was used to determine social value and return on investment.

Methods
A SROI economic evaluation model was developed in consultation with the PCSN team augmented with published evidence to identify the costs and outcomes, and estimate the benefits associated with the delivery of the PCSN program over 2 years. Attribution, dead weight loss and discounting were calculated and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the rigour of the model.

Results
The value generated by the PCSN programs over the 2-year period resulted in a SROI ratio of 1:1.62 for the health service-based PCSN program, indicating that for every dollar invested, a return of AUD $1.62 was obtained. The SROI ratios for the Telenursing program and the combined programs were 1:2.34 and 1:1.65, respectively.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that further expansion of the PCSN program is likely to have a positive return on investment and benefit the 250,000 men currently living with PCa in Australia. Findings such as these are important in informing cancer care policy and funding decisions.

Keywordscaregivers; cost‐benefit analysis; decision making; prostate cancer specialist nursing; prostatic neoplasms; quality of healthcare; quality of life; survivorship; telenursing
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420311. Health systems
321199. Oncology and carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
420599. Nursing not elsewhere classified
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Centre for Health Research
Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/zy8w7/prostate-cancer-specialist-nursing-program-a-social-return-on-investment-analysis-value-for-money-of-the-prostate-cancer-specialist-nursing-program

Log in to edit

Download files

Published Version
Psycho-Oncology - 2025 - Edmunds - Prostate Cancer Specialist Nursing Program A Social Return on Investment Analysis Value.pdf
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
File access level: Anyone

  • 29
    total views
  • 6
    total downloads
  • 2
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Lessons from the implementation of the Australian 2016 prostate specific antigen testing clinical practice guidelines: a descriptive study
Heneka, Nicole, Heathcote, Peter, Malouf, Peter, Chambers, Suzanne K, Smith, David and Dunn, Jeff. 2025. "Lessons from the implementation of the Australian 2016 prostate specific antigen testing clinical practice guidelines: a descriptive study." ANZ Journal of Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.70136
The lived experience of active surveillance for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Briggs, Russell J., Dunn, Jeff, Chambers, Suzanne K., Jakimowicz, Samantha, Green, Anna and Heneka, Nicole. 2025. "The lived experience of active surveillance for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-synthesis." Journal of Cancer Survivorship. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-025-01748-x
Acceptability of a nurse-led survivorship intervention for men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A qualitative exploratory study
Sara, Sally A.M., Heneka, Nicole, Chambers, Suzanne K., Dunn, Jeff and Terry, Victoria R.. 2025. "Acceptability of a nurse-led survivorship intervention for men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A qualitative exploratory study." European Journal of Oncology Nursing (EJON). 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102836
Understanding and supporting the unmet survivorship care needs of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer within the first 12 months following diagnosis
Briggs, R., Dunn, J., Chambers, S., Green, A. and Heneka, N.. 2024. "Understanding and supporting the unmet survivorship care needs of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer within the first 12 months following diagnosis." 24th Asia-Pacific Prostate Cancer Conference (APPC 2024). Melbourne, Australia 29 - 31 Aug 2024
A qualitative study of specialist multidisciplinary clinician perspectives on barriers/facilitators to care for children with brain cancer and their families: We're a little bit different to our adult counterparts
Luckett, Tim, DiGiacomo, Michelle, Heneka, Nicole, Disalvo, Domenica, Garcia, Maja, Schaeffer, Isabelle, Attwood, Robyn and Phillips, Jane. 2024. "A qualitative study of specialist multidisciplinary clinician perspectives on barriers/facilitators to care for children with brain cancer and their families: We're a little bit different to our adult counterparts." Palliative and Supportive Care. 22 (6), pp. 2096-2101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951524001421
Perceptions and experiences of clinicians and correctional officers facilitating palliative care for people in prison: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Schaefer, Isabelle, Panozzo, Stacey, DiGiacomo, Michelle, Heneka, Nicole and Phillips, Jane L.. 2024. "Perceptions and experiences of clinicians and correctional officers facilitating palliative care for people in prison: A systematic review and meta-synthesis." Palliative Medicine. 38 (9), pp. 951-967. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692163241262614
Effectiveness of educational and psychological survivorship interventions to improve health-related quality of life outcomes for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: A systematic review
Sara, Sally AM, Heneka, Nicole, Green, Anna, Chambers, Suzanne K, Dunn, Jeff and Terry, Victoria R. 2024. "Effectiveness of educational and psychological survivorship interventions to improve health-related quality of life outcomes for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: A systematic review." BMJ Open. 14 (5). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080310
Acceptability of a virtual prostate cancer survivorship care model in rural Australia: A multi-methods, single-centre feasibility pilot
Heneka, Nicole, Chambers, Suzanne K., Schaefer, Isabelle, Carmont, Kelly, Parcell, Melinda, Wallis, Shannon, Walker, Stephen, Tuffaha, Haitham, Steele, Michael and Dunn, Jeff. 2024. "Acceptability of a virtual prostate cancer survivorship care model in rural Australia: A multi-methods, single-centre feasibility pilot." Australian Journal of Rural Health. 32 (4), pp. 815-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.13149
Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a tele-based nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials Hormone Therapy Study)
Green, Anna, Newton, Robert U, Smith, David P, Tuffaha, Haitham, Galvao, Daniel A, Heathcote, Peter, Patel, Manish I, Christie, David, Egger, Sam, Sara, Sally AM, Heneka, Nicole, Chambers, Suzanne K and Dunn, Jeff. 2024. "Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a tele-based nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials Hormone Therapy Study)." BMJ Open. 14 (3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084412
The vicious cycle of unmet care needs during active surveillance for prostate cancer – Findings from a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Briggs, R., Dunn, J., Chambers, S., Green, A. and Heneka, N.. 2023. "The vicious cycle of unmet care needs during active surveillance for prostate cancer – Findings from a systematic review and meta-synthesis." 23rd Asia-Pacific Prostate Cancer Conference (APCC 2023). Cairns, Australia 18 Aug 2023
Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: protocol of an effectiveness-implementation hybrid (Type 1) randomised trial of a tele-based nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials)
Green, Anna, Newton, Robert U, Chambers, Suzanne K, Smith, David P, Tuffaha, Haitham, Galvao, Daniel A, Heathcote, Peter, Patel, Manish I, Christie, David, Egger, Sam, Sara, Sally, Heneka, Nicole and Dunn, Jeff. 2023. "Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: protocol of an effectiveness-implementation hybrid (Type 1) randomised trial of a tele-based nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials)." ANZUP Annual Scientific Meeting. Melbourne, Australia 09 - 11 Jul 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
The importance of developing palliative care quality indicators for the prison setting: why now, and next steps
Schaefer, Isabelle, Heneka, Nicole, DiGiacomo, Michelle, Panozzo, Stacey and Phillips, Jane L.. 2023. "The importance of developing palliative care quality indicators for the prison setting: why now, and next steps." BMC Palliative Care. 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-023-01150-3
Correction: The importance of developing palliative care quality indicators for the prison setting: why now, and next steps
Schaefer, Isabelle, Heneka, Nicole, DiGiacomo, Michelle, Panozzo, Stacey and Phillips, Jane L.. 2023. "Correction: The importance of developing palliative care quality indicators for the prison setting: why now, and next steps ." BMC Palliative Care. 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-023-01210-8
A Vanguard Approach to the Design and Delivery of Nurse-Led Survivorship Care
Sara, Sally A. M., Chambers, Suzanne K., Briggs, Russell, Heneka, Nicole and Dunn, Jeff. 2023. "A Vanguard Approach to the Design and Delivery of Nurse-Led Survivorship Care." Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 39 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151366
Translating the Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials Framework into clinical practice: A participatory research process analysis
Heneka, Nicole, Crowe, Helen, Chambers, Suzanne K., Costello, Anthony, Crowe, Jane, Dundee, Phil, Heerey, Rachel, Stijnen, Elles, Bolger, Chris, Schaefer, Isabelle and Dunn, Jeff. 2023. Translating the Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials Framework into clinical practice: A participatory research process analysis.
Acceptability of a virtual prostate cancer survivorship care model in regional Australia: A qualitative exploratory study
Heneka,, Chambers, Suzanne K., Schaefer, Isabelle and Dunn, Jeff. 2023. "Acceptability of a virtual prostate cancer survivorship care model in regional Australia: A qualitative exploratory study ." Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer. 32 (4), pp. 569-580. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.6101
Designing Organisational Management Frameworks to Empower Episodic Volunteering
Dunn, Jeff, Scuffham, Paul, Hyde, Melissa K., Stein, Kevin, Zajdlewicz, Leah, Savage, Anne, Heneka, Nicole, Ng, Shu-Kay and Chambers, Suzanne K.. 2022. "Designing Organisational Management Frameworks to Empower Episodic Volunteering." Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 33 (2), pp. 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-020-00226-5
The Health Professionals Guide to Delivering Psychological Care for Men with Prostate Cancer
Chambers, Suzanne K, Heneka, Nicole and Dunn, Jeff. 2021. The Health Professionals Guide to Delivering Psychological Care for Men with Prostate Cancer. Australia. Australian Academic Press.
Virtual models of care for people with palliative care needs living in their own home: A systematic meta-review and narrative synthesis
Disalvo, Domenica, Agar, Meera, Caplan, Gideon, Murtagh, Fliss EM, Luckett, Tim, Heneka, Nicole, Hickman, Louise, Kinchin, Irina, Trethewie, Susan, Sheehan, Caitlin, Urban, Kat, Cohen, Joshua, Harlum, Janeane, Long, Brian, Parker, Tricia, Schaefer, Isabelle and Phillips, Jane. 2021. "Virtual models of care for people with palliative care needs living in their own home: A systematic meta-review and narrative synthesis." Palliative Medicine. 35 (8), pp. 1385-1406. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692163211024451
Quality of online self-management resources for adults living with primary brain cancer, and their carers: a systematic environmental scan
Schaefer, Isabelle, Heneka, Nicole, Luckett, Tim, Agar, Meera R., Chambers, Suzanne K., Currow, David C., Halkett, Georgia, Disalvo, Domenica, Amgarth-Duff, Ingrid, Anderiesz, Cleola and Phillips, Jane L.. 2021. "Quality of online self-management resources for adults living with primary brain cancer, and their carers: a systematic environmental scan." BMC Palliative Care. 20 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-021-00715-4
Mitigating opioid errors in inpatient palliative care: A qualitative study
Heneka, Nicole, Bhattarai, Priyanka, Shaw, Tim, Rowett, Debra, Lapkin, Samuel and Phillips, Jane L.. 2020. "Mitigating opioid errors in inpatient palliative care: A qualitative study." Collegian: The Australian Journal of Nursing Practice, Scholarship and Research. 27 (3), pp. 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2019.09.005
Risk of opioid misuse in people with cancer and pain and related clinical considerations: a qualitative study of the perspectives of Australian general practitioners
Luckett, Tim, Newton-John, Toby, Phillips, Jane, Holliday, Simon, Giannitrapani, Karleen, Powell-Davies, Gawaine, Lovell, Melanie, Liauw, Winston, Rowett, Debra, Pearson, Sallie-Anne, Raymond, Bronwyn, Heneka, Nicole and Lorenz, Karl. 2020. "Risk of opioid misuse in people with cancer and pain and related clinical considerations: a qualitative study of the perspectives of Australian general practitioners." BMJ Open. 10 (2), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034363
Effectiveness of the spaced education pedagogy for clinicians’ continuing professional development: a systematic review
Phillips, Jane L, Heneka, Nicole, Bhattarai, Priyanka, Fraser, Claire and Shaw, Tim. 2019. "Effectiveness of the spaced education pedagogy for clinicians’ continuing professional development: a systematic review." Medical Education. 53 (9), pp. 886-902. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13895
Clinicians’ perceptions of opioid error–contributing factors in inpatient palliative care services: A qualitative study
Heneka, Nicole, Bhattarai, Priyanka, Shaw, Tim, Rowett, Debra, Lapkin, Samuel and Phillips, Jane L.. 2019. "Clinicians’ perceptions of opioid error–contributing factors in inpatient palliative care services: A qualitative study." Palliative Medicine. 33 (4), pp. 430-444. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216319832799
A phase III wait-listed randomised controlled trial of novel targeted interprofessional clinical education intervention to improve cancer patients’ reported pain outcomes (The Cancer Pain Assessment (CPAS) Trial): study protocol
Phillips, Jane L., Heneka, Nicole, Lovell, Melanie, Lam, Lawrence, Davidson, Patricia, Boyle, Frances, McCaffrey, Nikki, Fielding, Sally and Shaw, Tim. 2019. "A phase III wait-listed randomised controlled trial of novel targeted interprofessional clinical education intervention to improve cancer patients’ reported pain outcomes (The Cancer Pain Assessment (CPAS) Trial): study protocol." Trials. 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-3152-z
Self-Perceived Pain Assessment Knowledge and Confidence (Self-PAC) Scale for Cancer and Palliative Care Nurses: A Preliminary Validation Study
Phillips, Jane L., Heneka, Nicole, Hickman, Louise and Lam, Lawrence. 2018. "Self-Perceived Pain Assessment Knowledge and Confidence (Self-PAC) Scale for Cancer and Palliative Care Nurses: A Preliminary Validation Study." Pain Management Nursing. 19 (6), pp. 619-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2018.07.008
Clinicians’ perceptions of medication errors with opioids in cancer and palliative care services: a priority setting report
Heneka, N., Shaw, T., Azzi, C. and Phillips, J. L.. 2018. "Clinicians’ perceptions of medication errors with opioids in cancer and palliative care services: a priority setting report." Supportive Care in Cancer. 26 (10), pp. 3315-3318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4231-0
Exploring Factors Contributing to Medication Errors with Opioids in Australian Specialist Palliative Care Inpatient Services: A Multi-Incident Analysis
Heneka, Nicole, Shaw, Tim, Rowett, Debra, Lapkin, Samuel and Phillips, Jane L.. 2018. "Exploring Factors Contributing to Medication Errors with Opioids in Australian Specialist Palliative Care Inpatient Services: A Multi-Incident Analysis." Journal of Palliative Medicine. 21 (6), pp. 825-835. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2017.0578
Opioid errors in inpatient palliative care services: a retrospective review
Heneka, Nicole, Shaw, Tim, Rowett, Debra, Lapkin, Samuel and Phillips, Jane L.. 2018. "Opioid errors in inpatient palliative care services: a retrospective review." BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care. 8 (2), pp. 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-001417
Identifying systems barriers that may prevent bereavement service access to bereaved carers: A report from an Australian specialist palliative care service
Phillips, Jane L., Lobb, Elizabeth, Mohacsi, Paula, Heneka, Nicole and Currow, David. 2018. "Identifying systems barriers that may prevent bereavement service access to bereaved carers: A report from an Australian specialist palliative care service." Collegian: The Australian Journal of Nursing Practice, Scholarship and Research. 25 (1), pp. 39-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.03.004
Can A Complex Online Intervention Improve Cancer Nurses’ Pain Screening and Assessment Practices? Results from a Multicenter, Pre-post Test Pilot Study
Phillips, Jane L., Heneka, Nicole, Hickman, Louise, Lam, Lawrence and Shaw, Tim. 2017. "Can A Complex Online Intervention Improve Cancer Nurses’ Pain Screening and Assessment Practices? Results from a Multicenter, Pre-post Test Pilot Study." Pain Management Nursing. 18 (2), pp. 75-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2017.01.003
Quantifying the burden of opioid medication errors in adult oncology and palliative care settings: A systematic review
Heneka, Nicole, Shaw, Tim, Rowett, Debra and Phillips, Jane L.. 2016. "Quantifying the burden of opioid medication errors in adult oncology and palliative care settings: A systematic review." Palliative Medicine. 30 (6), pp. 520-532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216315615002
Identifying Opioid Medication Error Types, Incidence and Patient Impact in Adult Oncology and Palliative Care Settings: A Systematic Review
Heneka, Nicole, Phillips, Jane L., Rowett, D. and Shaw, Tim. 2015. "Identifying Opioid Medication Error Types, Incidence and Patient Impact in Adult Oncology and Palliative Care Settings: A Systematic Review." 42nd COSA Annual Scientific Meeting. Hobart, Australia 17 - 19 Nov 2015 United Kingdom. John Wiley & Sons.
Multi-Centre Pre-Post Test Trial of a Complex QStream (c) Pain Assessment Intervention on Cancer Nurses' Pain Screening and Assessment Practices
Phillips, Jane, Heneka, Nicole, Lam, Lawrence and Shaw, Tim. 2014. "Multi-Centre Pre-Post Test Trial of a Complex QStream (c) Pain Assessment Intervention on Cancer Nurses' Pain Screening and Assessment Practices." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology. 10, pp. 206-206.
A Complex QStream (R) Pain Assessment Intervention on Cancer Nurses' Pain Screening and Assessment Practices: Results from a Quasi-Experimental Study
Phillips, Jane, Heneka, Nicole, Lam, Lawrence and Shaw, Tim. 2014. "A Complex QStream (R) Pain Assessment Intervention on Cancer Nurses' Pain Screening and Assessment Practices: Results from a Quasi-Experimental Study." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology. 10, pp. 136-136.
Impact of a novel online learning module on specialist palliative care nurses’ pain assessment competencies and patients’ reports of pain: Results from a quasiexperimental pilot study
Phillips, Jane L., Heneka, Nicole, Hickman, Louise, Lam, Lawrence and Shaw, Tim. 2014. "Impact of a novel online learning module on specialist palliative care nurses’ pain assessment competencies and patients’ reports of pain: Results from a quasiexperimental pilot study." Palliative Medicine. 28 (6), pp. 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216314527780
Exploring opiate errors in the specialist cancer and palliative care setting: perceptions of key stakeholders
Phillips, Jane, Heneka, Nicole and Shaw, Tim. 2013. "Exploring opiate errors in the specialist cancer and palliative care setting: perceptions of key stakeholders." COSA Annual Scientific Meeting 2013. Adelaide, Australia 12 - 14 Nov 2013 Australia. John Wiley & Sons.
Mapping cancer pain screening, assessment and reassessment practices within one Australian health district: results from a baseline chart audit
Phillips, Jane, Heneka, Nicole and Shaw, Tim. 2013. "Mapping cancer pain screening, assessment and reassessment practices within one Australian health district: results from a baseline chart audit." COSA Annual Scientific Meeting 2013. Adelaide, Australia 12 - 14 Nov 2013 Australia. John Wiley & Sons.
Impact of a Qstream Online Learning Module on Palliative Care Nurses’ Pain Assessment Competencies and Patients’ Reports of Pain: Results from a Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study
Phillips, Jane, Heneka, Nicole, Hickman, Louise, Lam, Lawrence and Shaw, Tim. 2013. "Impact of a Qstream Online Learning Module on Palliative Care Nurses’ Pain Assessment Competencies and Patients’ Reports of Pain: Results from a Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study." COSA Annual Scientific Meeting 2013. Adelaide, Australia 12 - 14 Nov 2013 Australia. John Wiley & Sons.