Uncertainty in the measurement of indoor temperature and humidity in naturally ventilated dairy buildings as influenced by measurement technique and data variability

Article

Hempel, Sabrina, Konig, Marcel, Menz, Christoph, Janke, David, Amon, Barbara, Banhazi, Thomas M., Estelles, Fernando and Amon, Thomas. 2018. "Uncertainty in the measurement of indoor temperature and humidity in naturally ventilated dairy buildings as influenced by measurement technique and data variability." Biosystems Engineering. 166 (2), pp. 58-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.11.004
Article Title

Uncertainty in the measurement of indoor temperature and humidity in naturally ventilated dairy buildings as influenced by measurement technique and data variability

ERA Journal ID3455
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsHempel, Sabrina (Author), Konig, Marcel (Author), Menz, Christoph (Author), Janke, David (Author), Amon, Barbara (Author), Banhazi, Thomas M. (Author), Estelles, Fernando (Author) and Amon, Thomas (Author)
Journal TitleBiosystems Engineering
Journal Citation166 (2), pp. 58-75
Number of Pages18
Year2018
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationSan Diego, United States
ISSN1537-5110
1537-5129
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.11.004
Abstract

The microclimatic conditions in dairy buildings affect animal welfare and gaseous emissions. Measurements are highly variable due to the inhomogeneous distribution of heat and humidity sources (related to farm management) and the turbulent inflow (associated with meteorologic boundary conditions). The selection of the measurement strategy (number and position of the sensors) and the analysis methodology adds to the uncertainty of the applied measurement technique.

To assess the suitability of different sensor positions, in situations where monitoring in the direct vicinity of the animals is not possible, we collected long-term data in two naturally ventilated dairy barns in Germany between March 2015 and April 2016 (horizontal and vertical profiles with 10 to 5 min temporal resolution). Uncertainties related to the measurement setup were assessed by comparing the device outputs under lab conditions after the on-farm experiments.

We found out that the uncertainty in measurements of relative humidity is of particular importance when assessing heat stress risk and resulting economic losses in terms of temperature-humidity index. Measurements at a height of approximately 3 m–3.5 m turned out to be a good approximation for the microclimatic conditions in the animal occupied zone (including the air volume close to the emission active zone). However, further investigation along this cross-section is required to reduce uncertainties related to the inhomogeneous distribution of humidity. In addition, a regular sound cleaning (and if possible recalibration after few months) of the measurement devices is crucial to reduce the instrumentation uncertainty in long-term monitoring of relative humidity in dairy barns.

Keywordsheat stress; measurement uncertainty; microclimate variability
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300302. Animal management
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Byline AffiliationsLeibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany
School of Civil Engineering and Surveying
Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Banhazi, T. M., Currie, E. P. K., Quartararo, M. and Aarnink, A. J. A.. 2009. "Controlling the concentrations of airborne particles in broiler buildings ." Aland, A. and Madec, F. (ed.) Sustainable animal production: the challenges and potential developments for professional farming. Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen Academic Publishers. pp. 347-364
Field evaluation of a prototype sensor for measuring feed disappearance in livestock buildings
Banhazi, T. M., Rutley, D., Parkin, B. J. and Lewis, B.. 2009. "Field evaluation of a prototype sensor for measuring feed disappearance in livestock buildings." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 27-38.
Precision livestock farming: a suite of electronic systems to ensure the application of best practice management on livestock farms
Banhazi, Thomas and Black, John L.. 2009. "Precision livestock farming: a suite of electronic systems to ensure the application of best practice management on livestock farms." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 1-13.
Identification of the risk factors for high airborne particle concentrations in broiler buildings using statistical modelling
Banhazi, T. M., Seedorf, J., Laffrique, M. and Rutley, D. L.. 2008. "Identification of the risk factors for high airborne particle concentrations in broiler buildings using statistical modelling ." Biosystems Engineering. 101 (1), pp. 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.06.007
Potential of using infrared thermography for determination of skin wetness and thus perceived thermal comfort of pigs
Banhazi, T., Kitchen, J. and Tivey, D.. 2009. "Potential of using infrared thermography for determination of skin wetness and thus perceived thermal comfort of pigs." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 47-54.
User-friendly air quality monitoring system
Banhazi, Thomas. 2009. "User-friendly air quality monitoring system ." Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 25 (2), pp. 281-290.
Development and testing of an evaluation procedure for commercial manure additive products
Banhazi, T., Hudson, N., Dunlop, M., Dyson, C. and Thomas, R.. 2009. "Development and testing of an evaluation procedure for commercial manure additive products ." Biosystems Engineering. 103 (3), pp. 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.04.011
Review of the consequences and control of high air temperatures in intensive livestock buildings
Banhazi, T., Aarnink, A., Thuy, H., Pedersen, S., Hartung, J., Payne, H., Mullan, B. and Berckmans, D.. 2009. "Review of the consequences and control of high air temperatures in intensive livestock buildings ." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 63-78.
Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 4. Emission factors and study recommendations
Banhazi, T. M., Rutley, D. L. and Pitchford, W. S.. 2008. "Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 4. Emission factors and study recommendations." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 14 (1), pp. 53-69.
Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 2. Airborne pollutants
Banhazi, T. M., Seedorf, J., Rutley, D. L. and Pitchford, W. S.. 2008. "Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 2. Airborne pollutants ." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 14 (1), pp. 21-39.
Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 1. Study justification and design
Banhazi, T. M., Seedorf, J., Rutley, D. L. and Pitchford, W. S.. 2008. "Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 1. Study justification and design." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 14 (1), pp. 5-20.
Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 3. Environmental parameters
Banhazi, T. M., Seedorf, J., Rutley, D. L. and Pitchford, W. S.. 2008. "Identification of risk factors for sub-optimal housing conditions in Australian piggeries: part 3. Environmental parameters." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 14 (1), pp. 41-52.
Weight estimation using image analysis and statistical modelling: a preliminary study
Kollis, K., Phang, C. S., Banhazi, Thomas and Searle, Stephen J.. 2007. "Weight estimation using image analysis and statistical modelling: a preliminary study ." Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 23 (1), pp. 91-96.
Validation and fine-tuning of a predictive model for air quality in livestock buildings
Banhazi, T. M., Rutley, D. L. and Pitchford, W. S.. 2010. "Validation and fine-tuning of a predictive model for air quality in livestock buildings." Biosystems Engineering. 105 (3), pp. 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.12.011
Air pollution and livestock production
Watt, A. C., Aziz, S. M. and Banhazi, T. M.. 2010. "Air pollution and livestock production." 17th World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR 2010): Sustainable Biosystems Through Engineering. Quebec City, Canada 13 - 17 Jun 2010 Quebec City, Canada.