Phytotoxicity of Class B aqueous firefighting formulations, Tridol S 3 and 6% to Lemna minor

Article

Logeshwaran, Panneerselvan, Sivaram, Anithadevi Kenday, Yadav, Meena, Chadalavada, Sreenivasulu, Naidu, Ravi and Mallavarapu, Megharaj. 2020. "Phytotoxicity of Class B aqueous firefighting formulations, Tridol S 3 and 6% to Lemna minor." Environmental Technology and Innovation. 18, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100688
Article Title

Phytotoxicity of Class B aqueous firefighting formulations,
Tridol S 3 and 6% to Lemna minor

ERA Journal ID210427
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsLogeshwaran, Panneerselvan (Author), Sivaram, Anithadevi Kenday (Author), Yadav, Meena (Author), Chadalavada, Sreenivasulu (Author), Naidu, Ravi (Author) and Mallavarapu, Megharaj (Author)
Journal TitleEnvironmental Technology and Innovation
Journal Citation18, pp. 1-11
Article Number100688
Number of Pages11
Year2020
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN2352-1864
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100688
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186419309770
Abstract

Phytotoxicity of Class B aqueous firefighting concentrates, Tridol-S 3%, and Tridol-S 6% to Lemna minor were studied using the parameters such as the frond number, biomass production in terms of dry weight, chlorophyll content and proline accumulation. Decrease in fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll pigments; increase in proline content suggested that both the firefighting concentrates are potentially toxic to L. minor. Relative growth rate (RGR) also showed a similar pattern of toxicity with the corresponding increase in test concentrations of both the compounds. The EC50 values show Tridol-S 3% was more toxic than Tridol-S 6% in terms of frond number and dry weight. From our findings, it is clear that L. minor is highly sensitive to the exposure of firefighting foams, and is suitable for its use as an indicator organism for assessing the aquatic toxicity of aqueous firefighting foams. This study clearly suggests that the migration of Tridol AFFF into aquatic environments is likely to have detrimental effects on the aquatic flora. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first report on the phytotoxicity of firefighting concentrates, Tridol-S 3% and Tridol-S 6% to Lemna minor L.

KeywordsAFFF; Firefighting foam; Growth inhibition; Lemna; Phytotoxicity; Tridol
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410404. Environmental management
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Newcastle
Allwater, Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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