Investigation of in-nozzle flow behavior coupled with spray characteristics of waste cooking oil and castor biodiesel

Article

ul Haq, Muteeb, Jafry, Ali Turab, Khan, Wajahat Ullah, Ahmed, Arslan, Ahad, Muhammad Abdul, Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad, Abbas, Naseem, Sajjad, Uzair and Hamid, Khalid. 2024. "Investigation of in-nozzle flow behavior coupled with spray characteristics of waste cooking oil and castor biodiesel." Energy Conversion and Management: X. 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100787

Article Title	Investigation of in-nozzle flow behavior coupled with spray characteristics of waste cooking oil and castor biodiesel
Article Category	Article
Authors	ul Haq, Muteeb, Jafry, Ali Turab, Khan, Wajahat Ullah, Ahmed, Arslan, Ahad, Muhammad Abdul, Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad, Abbas, Naseem, Sajjad, Uzair and Hamid, Khalid
Journal Title	Energy Conversion and Management: X
Journal Citation	24
Article Number	100787
Number of Pages	15
Year	2024
Publisher	Elsevier
Place of Publication	United Kingdom
ISSN	2590-1745
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100787
Web Address (URL)	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002654
Abstract	Biodiesel is a promising alternative to conventional diesel. However, it may cause reduced mass flow, higher injector deposits and poor atomization. This study presents the numerical investigation of the effect of in-nozzle flow on fuel spray behavior for castor methyl ester (CME20) and waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCME20) using two different nozzle hole sizes. Two step simulation methodology was adopted where flow inside the nozzle was simulated first, mass flow rate and velocities at nozzle outlet were used as an input for analyzing the fuel spray in a closed vessel. These simulated results of fuel spray were also validated with experimental results from the captured spray images from control volume spray vessel (CVSV). Experimental spray results were also investigated based on light intensity level and macroscopic spray properties. Results revealed higher cavitation intensity for diesel than biodiesel fuels. Smaller nozzle hole (N2) is more likely to cavitate as compared to larger nozzle diameter (N1). In terms of spray behavior, N1 nozzle on average showed longer penetration length (+1.95 %), wider spray cone angle (+6.2 %) and larger drop diameter (+3.1 %) in comparison to N2. CME20, due to its increased viscosity and density showed longer penetration length (+5.9 %), narrower spray cone angle (−21 %) and reduced spray projected area (−19 %) with respect to diesel. WCME20 revealed smaller sauter mean diameter (−4.8 %) as compared to CME20 owing to its lower viscosity.
Keywords	Methyl ester; Spray cone angle; Spray projected area; Control volume spray vessel and penetration ; length
Contains Sensitive Content	Does not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020	401703. Energy generation, conversion and storage (excl. chemical and electrical)
Byline Affiliations	Air University Islamabad, Pakistan
	Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
	COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
	School of Engineering
	Sejong University, Korea
	King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
	Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

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