Predicting C-Section Outcomes Among Bangladeshi Women: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques

Paper

Haque, Faisal, Nahar, Sabikun, Haque, Umme Marzia, Hossain, Zakir and Kabir, Enamul. 2025. "Predicting C-Section Outcomes Among Bangladeshi Women: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques." 13th International Conference on Health Information Science (HIS 2024). Hong Kong, China 08 - 10 Dec 2024 Singapore. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5597-7_15
Paper/Presentation Title

Predicting C-Section Outcomes Among Bangladeshi Women: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques

Presentation TypePaper
AuthorsHaque, Faisal, Nahar, Sabikun, Haque, Umme Marzia, Hossain, Zakir and Kabir, Enamul
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the13th International Conference on Health Information Science (HIS 2025)
Journal Citation15336, pp. 164-173
Number of Pages10
Year2025
PublisherSpringer
Place of PublicationSingapore
ISBN9789819655960
9789819655977
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5597-7_15
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5597-7_15
Web Address (URL) of Conference Proceedingshttps://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-96-5597-7
Conference/Event13th International Conference on Health Information Science (HIS 2024)
Event Details
13th International Conference on Health Information Science (HIS 2024)
Parent
International Conference on Health Information Science (HIS)
Delivery
Online
Event Date
08 to end of 10 Dec 2024
Event Location
Hong Kong, China
Abstract

Background: In recent decades, the rate of caesarean section (C-section) has been rapidly increasing in Bangladesh. This study explores different machine learning techniques to find out potential determinants of C-section in the country.

Methods: Data on C-section from 4932 women were extracted from the clustered Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18. Chi-square test was applied for feature selection. The machine learning techniques applied included decision tree, random forest, K-nearest neighbors, Gaussian Naïve-Bayes, logistic regression, and support vector machine. The performance of these techniques was evaluated using confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.

Results: The prevalence of C-section was found to be 33.0% (1628 out of 4932). Age of mother, wealth index, working status of mother, birth order, number of antenatal care visits, body mass index, birth weight, education, media access, birth interval, place of residence, and administrative division were significant features for the prediction of C-section. Among the ML models, the random forest (accuracy = 0.8143, precision = 0.7907, sensitivity = 0.7977, specificity = 0.8477, F1-score = 0.7939, and area under curve: AUC = 0.90) was found to be the best choice for predicting the C-section among Bangladeshi women.

Conclusion: Study findings may help government and non-government organizations, health professionals, and policy-makers to take necessary actions in reducing unnecessary C-section childbirth.

KeywordsC-section; machine learning; AUC; ROC; random forest
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420606. Social determinants of health
420308. Health informatics and information systems
Public Notes

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SeriesLecture Notes in Computer Science
Byline AffiliationsEast-West University, Bangladesh
School of Sciences
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Trend of child marriage in Bangladesh: a reflection on significant socioeconomic factors
Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Khan, Jahidur Rahman and Kabir, Enamul. 2019. "Trend of child marriage in Bangladesh: a reflection on significant socioeconomic factors." Children and Youth Services Review. 104, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.06.017
Tests on a subset of regression parameters for factorial experimental data with uncertain higher order interactions
Khan, Shahjahan, Pratikno, Budi, Rahman, Shafiqur and Hossain, M. Zakir. 2019. "Tests on a subset of regression parameters for factorial experimental data with uncertain higher order interactions." Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications. 18 (2), pp. 103-112. https://doi.org/10.2991/jsta.d.190514.001
A novel statistical technique for intrusion detection systems
Kabir, Enamul, Hu, Jiankun, Wang, Hua and Zhou, Guangping. 2018. "A novel statistical technique for intrusion detection systems." Future Generation Computer Systems: the international journal of grid computing: theory, methods and applications. 79, pp. 303-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.01.029
A New Way of Channel Selection in the Motor Imagery Classification for BCI Applications
Joadder, Md. A. Mannan, Siuly, Siuly and Kabir, Enamul. 2018. "A New Way of Channel Selection in the Motor Imagery Classification for BCI Applications ." Siuly, Siuly, Lee, Ickjai, Huang, Zhisheng, Zhou, Rui, Wang, Hua and Xiang, Wei (ed.) 7th International Conference on Health Information Science (HIS 2018). Cairns, Australia 05 - 07 Oct 2018 Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01078-2_10
Investment in research and development compared to military expenditure: is research worthwhile?
Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Kabir, Enamul and Rafi, Refat Bin Reza. 2019. "Investment in research and development compared to military expenditure: is research worthwhile?" Defence and Peace Economics. 30 (7), pp. 846-857. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2018.1477235
A macro-level approach to assess the early developmental vulnerabilities of children in Australia: a local government area-based analysis
Biswas, Raaj Kishore and Kabir, Enamul. 2018. "A macro-level approach to assess the early developmental vulnerabilities of children in Australia: a local government area-based analysis." Children and Youth Services Review. 93, pp. 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.005
Socioeconomic transition and its influence on body mass index (BMI) pattern in Bangladesh
Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Kabir, Enamul and Khan, Hafiz T. A.. 2019. "Socioeconomic transition and its influence on body mass index (BMI) pattern in Bangladesh." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 25 (1), pp. 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13028
Does income inequality matters for accessing health facility? Evidence from Bangladesh
Kabir, Enamul and Biswas, Raaj Kishore. 2018. "Does income inequality matters for accessing health facility? Evidence from Bangladesh." Melbourne International Business and Social Science Research Conference (MIBSRC 2018). Melbourne, Australia 27 - 28 Oct 2018 Australia.
Does national investment on R&D compared to military expenditure achieve greater development?
Kabir, Enamul, Biswas, Raaj and Rafi, Refat Bin Reza. 2017. "Does national investment on R&D compared to military expenditure achieve greater development?" Melbourne International Business and Social Science Research Conference 2017. Melbourne, Australia 28 - 30 Oct 2017 Australia.
An analysis system detecting epileptic seizure from EEG
Kabir, Enamul and Wang, Hua. 2017. "An analysis system detecting epileptic seizure from EEG." 2017 Young Statisticians Conference: Modelling Our Future. Tweed Heads, Australia 26 - 27 Sep 2017 Australia.
A computer aided analysis scheme for detecting epileptic seizure from EEG data
Kabir, Enamul, Siuly, Siuly, Cao, Jinli and Wang, Hua. 2018. "A computer aided analysis scheme for detecting epileptic seizure from EEG data." International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems. 11, pp. 663-671. https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.11.1.51
BMI transitions in Australian women: amount and causes of weight change associated with progression from healthy to unhealthy BMI over 16 years
Brown, Wendy J., Kabir, Enamul, Gomersall, Sjaan and Clark, Bronwyn. 2017. "BMI transitions in Australian women: amount and causes of weight change associated with progression from healthy to unhealthy BMI over 16 years." 24th European Congress on Obesity (ECO2017). Porto, Portugal 17 - 20 May 2017
Women’s opinion on the justification of physical spousal violence: a quantitative approach to model the most vulnerable households in Bangladesh
Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Rahman, Nusma, Kabir, Enamul and Raihan, Farabi. 2017. "Women’s opinion on the justification of physical spousal violence: a quantitative approach to model the most vulnerable households in Bangladesh." PLoS One. 12 (11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187884
Effect of sex and age on traumatic brain injury: a geographical comparative study
Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Kabir, Enamul and King, Rachel. 2017. "Effect of sex and age on traumatic brain injury: a geographical comparative study." Archives of Public Health. 75 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-017-0211-y
Influence of distance between residence and health facilities on non-communicable diseases: an assessment over hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh
Biswas, Raaj Kishore and Kabir, Enamul. 2017. "Influence of distance between residence and health facilities on non-communicable diseases: an assessment over hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh." PLoS One. 12 (5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177027
What factors should we focus on to prevent progression from healthy to unhealthy BMI in Australian women?
Brown, Wendy, Kabir, Enamul, Clark, Bronwyn and Gomersall, Sjaan. 2016. "What factors should we focus on to prevent progression from healthy to unhealthy BMI in Australian women?" 6th International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health (ISPAH 2016). Bangkok, Thailand 16 - 19 Nov 2016 Thailand.
Microaggregation sorting framework for k-anonymity statistical disclosure control in cloud computing
Kabir, Md Enamul, Mahmood, Abdun Naser, Mustafa, Abdul K. and Wang, Hua. 2020. "Microaggregation sorting framework for k-anonymity statistical disclosure control in cloud computing." IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. 8 (2), pp. 408-417. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.2015.2469649
Modeling of agricultural drought risk pattern using Markov chain and GIS in the western part of Bangladesh
Kamruzzaman, Md., Kabir, Md Enamul, Rahman, A. T. M. Sakiur, Jahan, Chowdhury Sarwar, Mazumder, Quamrul Hasan and Rahman, M. Sayedur. 2018. "Modeling of agricultural drought risk pattern using Markov chain and GIS in the western part of Bangladesh." Environment, Development and Sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach to the theory and practice of sustainable development. 20 (2), pp. 569-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9898-0
Trade-off between Type I error and power: a requirement of robust technique for analysing ordinal outcomes
Biswas, Raaj, King, Rachel and Kabir, Enamul. 2016. "Trade-off between Type I error and power: a requirement of robust technique for analysing ordinal outcomes." Australian Statistical Conference 2016. Canberra, Australia 05 - 09 Dec 2016 Australia.
Maintaining a healthy BMI: data from a 16-year study of young Australian women
Brown, Wendy J., Kabir, Enamul, Clark, Bronwyn K. and Gomersall, Sjaan R.. 2016. "Maintaining a healthy BMI: data from a 16-year study of young Australian women." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 51 (6), pp. e165-e178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.007
Spatio-temporal analysis of climatic variables in the western part of Bangladesh
Kamruzzaman, Md., Rahman, A. T. M. Sakiur, Ahmed, Md. Shakil, Kabir, Md Enamul, Mazumder, Quamrul Hasan, Rahman, M. Sayedur and Jahan, Chowdhury Sarwar. 2018. "Spatio-temporal analysis of climatic variables in the western part of Bangladesh." Environment, Development and Sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach to the theory and practice of sustainable development. 20 (1), pp. 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9872-x
New multi-dimensional sorting based k-anonymity microaggregation for statistical disclosure control
Mahmood, Abdun Naser, Kabir, Md Enamul and Mustofa, Abdul K.. 2013. "New multi-dimensional sorting based k-anonymity microaggregation for statistical disclosure control." 8th International ICST Conference, SecureComm 2012: Security and Privacy in Communication Networks. Padua, Italy 03 - 05 Sep 2012 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36883-7_16
Modelling corporate stakeholder orientation: does the relationship between stakeholder background characteristics and corporate social performance matter?
Erdiaw-Kwasie, Michael O., Alam, Khorshed and Kabir, Enamul. 2017. "Modelling corporate stakeholder orientation: does the relationship between stakeholder background characteristics and corporate social performance matter?" Business Strategy and the Environment. 26 (4), pp. 465-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1930
Cluster analysis of behavioural weight management strategies and associations with weight change in young women: a longitudinal analysis
Madigan, C. D., Daley, A. J., Kabir, E., Aveyard, P. and Brown, W.. 2015. "Cluster analysis of behavioural weight management strategies and associations with weight change in young women: a longitudinal analysis." International Journal of Obesity. 39 (11), pp. 1601-1606. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.116
Shewhart control chart for individual measurement: an application in a weaving mill
Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Masud, Mohammad Shahed and Kabir, Enamul. 2015. "Shewhart control chart for individual measurement: an application in a weaving mill." Melbourne International Business and Social Science Research Conference 2015. Melbourne, Australia 02 - 04 Oct 2015 Australia.
Epileptic seizure detection from EEG signals using logistic model trees
Kabir, Enamul, Siuly, . and Zhang, Yanchun. 2016. "Epileptic seizure detection from EEG signals using logistic model trees." Brain Informatics. 3 (2), pp. 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40708-015-0030-2
Exploring sampling in the detection of multicategory EEG signals
Siuly, Siuly, Kabir, Enamul, Wang, Hua and Zhang, Yanchun. 2015. "Exploring sampling in the detection of multicategory EEG signals." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/576437
K−means clustering microaggregation for statistical disclosure control
Kabir, Md Enamul, Mahmood, Abdur Naser and Mustafa, Abdul K.. 2012. "K−means clustering microaggregation for statistical disclosure control." 2012 International Conference on Advances in Computing (ICADC 2012). Bangalore 04 - 06 Jul 2012 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0740-5_135
Novel iterative min-max clustering to minimize information loss in statistical disclosure control
Mahmood, Abdun Naser, Kabir, Md Enamul and Mustafa, Abdul K.. 2014. "Novel iterative min-max clustering to minimize information loss in statistical disclosure control." 10th International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (SecureComm 2014). Beijing, China 24 - 26 Sep 2014 Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23802-9_14
A statistical framework for intrusion detection system
Kabir, Md Enamul and Hu, Jiankun. 2014. "A statistical framework for intrusion detection system." Zhang, Defu (ed.) 11th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2014). Xiamen, China 19 - 21 Aug 2014 Piscataway, NJ. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/FSKD.2014.6980966
A role-involved purpose-based access control model
Kabir, Md Enamul, Wang, Hua and Bertino, Elisa. 2012. "A role-involved purpose-based access control model." Information Systems Frontiers: a journal of research and innovation. 14 (3), pp. 809-822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-011-9305-1
Microdata protection method through microaggregation: a systematic approach
Kabir, Md Enamul and Wang, Hua. 2012. "Microdata protection method through microaggregation: a systematic approach." Journal of Software. 7 (11), pp. 2415-2422. https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.7.11.2415-2423
A conditional purpose-based access control model with dynamic roles
Kabir, Md Enamul, Wang, Hua and Bertino, Elisa. 2011. "A conditional purpose-based access control model with dynamic roles." Expert Systems with Applications. 38 (3), pp. 1482-1489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.057
Efficient systematic clustering method for k-anonymization
Kabir, Md Enamul, Wang, Hua and Bertino, Elisa. 2011. "Efficient systematic clustering method for k-anonymization." Acta Informatica. 48 (1), pp. 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-010-0131-6
Access control management and privacy-preserving
Kabir, Md Enamul. 2010. Access control management and privacy-preserving. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Estimation of univariate normal mean using p-value
Kabir, Md Enamul and Khan, Shahjahan. 2007. "Estimation of univariate normal mean using p-value." 9th Islamic Countries Conference on Statistical Sciences. Shah Alam, Malaysia 12 - 14 Dec 2007 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Microdata protection method through microaggregation: a median-based approach
Kabir, Md Enamul and Wang, Hua. 2011. "Microdata protection method through microaggregation: a median-based approach." Information Security Journal: a Global Perspective. 20 (1), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2010.515288
Systematic clustering-based microaggregation for statistical disclosure control
Kabir, Md Enamul and Wang, Hua. 2010. "Systematic clustering-based microaggregation for statistical disclosure control." NSS 2010: 4th International Conference on Network and System Security . Melbourne, Australia 01 - 03 Sep 2010 Washington, DC, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS.2010.66
A pairwise systematic microaggregation for statistical disclosure control
Kabir, Md Enamul, Wang, Hua and Zhang, Yanchun. 2010. "A pairwise systematic microaggregation for statistical disclosure control." Webb, Geoffrey I., Liu, Bing, Zhang, Chengqi, Gunopulos, Dimitrios and Wu, Xindong (ed.) 10th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2010). Sydney, Australia 14 - 17 Dec 2010 Los Alamitos, CA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2010.111
A conditional role-involved purpose-based access control model
Kabir, Md Enamul, Wang, Hua and Bertino, Elisa. 2011. "A conditional role-involved purpose-based access control model." Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce. 21 (1), pp. 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2011.541007
Systematic clustering method for l-diversity model
Kabir, Md Enamul, Wang, Hua, Bertino, Elisa and Chi, Yunxiang. 2010. "Systematic clustering method for l-diversity model." Shen, Heng Tao and Bouguettaya, Athman (ed.) ADC 2010: 21st Australasian Conference on Database Technologies. Brisbane, Australia 18 - 22 Jan 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Conditional purpose based access control model for privacy protection
Kabir, Md Enamul and Wang, Hua. 2009. "Conditional purpose based access control model for privacy protection." Bouguettaya, Athman and Lin, Xuemin (ed.) ADC 2009: 20th Australasian Conference on Australasian Database. Wellington, New Zealand 20 - 23 Jan 2009 Sydney, Australia.
Distribution of future location vector and residual sum of squares for multivariate location-scale model with spherically contoured errors
Khan, Shahjahan and Kabir, Md Enamul. 2006. "Distribution of future location vector and residual sum of squares for multivariate location-scale model with spherically contoured errors." Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications. 5 (2), pp. 91-104.