Effect of sex and age on traumatic brain injury: a geographical comparative study
Article
Article Title | Effect of sex and age on traumatic brain injury: a geographical comparative study |
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ERA Journal ID | 40980 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Biswas, Raaj Kishore (Author), Kabir, Enamul (Author) and King, Rachel (Author) |
Journal Title | Archives of Public Health |
Journal Citation | 75 (1) |
Number of Pages | 11 |
Year | 2017 |
Publisher | BioMed Central Ltd. |
Place of Publication | United Kingdom |
ISSN | 2049-3258 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-017-0211-y |
Web Address (URL) | https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-017-0211-y |
Abstract | Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a much researched topic in medical health, which requires additionalstudies to understand various effects of demographic and geographic factors that can assist in developing the mosteffective treatments. Thousands of people of different ages are suffering from lifelong disabilities, either mild orsevere, from TBI and the number is increasing. This study aims to increase our understanding of the effect of sex andage by applying five different statistical methods to evaluate the effect of these covariates on two independent TBIdata sets representing patients from different geographical cohorts. A primary data was collected from Bangladeshand it was compared with CRASH (Corticosteroid Randomisation after Significant Head Injury) data, representingvarious countries around the world. Methods: The outcome variable for TBI considered in this paper is Glasgow Outcome Scale, which is a four pointscale. It was converted to a binary outcome scale for fitting of Fisher’s exact test, a test of proportions and a binarylinear model. For analyzing ordinal outcomes, the proportional odds model and the sliding dichotomy model werefitted. As the sample size of the Bangladeshi data set was small, parametric bootstrapping was applied for theconsistency of results. Results: Females were the worse sufferers of TBI compared to men, according to CRASH data set. The old (agedabove 58 years) followed by adults (age 25 to 58) were the most vulnerable victims. Interaction effects concluded thatold women tended to endure the worst outcomes of TBI. This conclusion came from the CRASH data set representingthe world in general, whereas such effects were not present in the Bangladesh data set. Additional application ofparametric bootstrapping for the smaller Bangladesh data set did not result into any significant outcome. Conclusion: The effect of gender and age could be stronger in some countries than others which is driving thesignificance in CRASH and was not found in Bangladesh. It reflects the necessity of incorporating geographic patternsas well as demographic features of patients while developing treatments and designing clinical trials. |
Keywords | public health, Glasgow outcome scale, health geography, Bangladesh, ordinal outcome scale |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 490501. Applied statistics |
320905. Neurology and neuromuscular diseases | |
490502. Biostatistics | |
Byline Affiliations | School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q487z/effect-of-sex-and-age-on-traumatic-brain-injury-a-geographical-comparative-study
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