Effects of maximal static apnea on antioxidant defenses in trained free divers

Article

Bulmer, Andrew C., Coombes, Jeff S., Sharman, James E. and Stewart, Ian B.. 2008. "Effects of maximal static apnea on antioxidant defenses in trained free divers." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 40 (7), pp. 1307-1313. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816a7188
Article Title

Effects of maximal static apnea on antioxidant defenses in trained free divers

ERA Journal ID9788
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBulmer, Andrew C. (Author), Coombes, Jeff S. (Author), Sharman, James E. (Author) and Stewart, Ian B. (Author)
Journal TitleMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Journal Citation40 (7), pp. 1307-1313
Number of Pages7
Year2008
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0195-9131
1530-0315
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816a7188
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of maximal static apnea on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activities in trained free divers. Methods: Blood was taken from apnea-trained (Tr) and control (Con) subjects at baseline (B) and after one (A1), three (A3), and five (A5) apneas. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), uric acid, and bilirubin assays assessed plasma antioxidant status and malondialdehyde (MDA) quantified the oxidative stress response. The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were determined at baseline and after the fifth
apnea. Results: TEAC was significantly higher in divers versus controls after A1 (P G 0.05). A group effect of SOD activity indicated higher activity throughout the protocol in Tr (mean T SD; Con, 43.2 T 10.1 UIg Hbj1; Tr, 50.1 T 7.3 UIg Hbj1; P = 0.04). With no other group differences, the groups’ data were combined. Apnea significantly increased SOD (B, 44.1 T 11.1 UIg Hbj1; A5, 48.1 T 7.5 UIg Hbj1; P G 0.05) and GPx activity (B, 60.5 T 14.9 UIg Hbj1; A5, 70.1 T 16.0 UIg Hbj1; P = 0.02); however, CAT activity
decreased (B, 5.25 T 0.59 UImg Hbj1; A5, 5.00 T 0.53 UImg Hbj1; P = 0.03). MDA was unaffected by apnea (P = 0.32). Conclusions: Trained free divers have increased SOD activity during apnea; however, there is little difference in their antioxidant and oxidative stress responses compared with controls. In both groups, acute changes in antioxidant enzyme activities suggest that they may protect from excessive antioxidant depletion and oxidative stress during apnea.

Keywordsenzymes; superoxide dismutase; glutathione peroxidase, catalase; hypoxia; breath hold
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420702. Exercise physiology
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Queensland University of Technology
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